4个兔眼蓝莓品种光合特性对季节变化的响应

Response of photosynthetic characteristics in four Vaccinium ashei cultivars to seasonal change

为给兔眼蓝莓品种筛选提供参考,选取‘粉蓝’、‘梯芙蓝’、‘灿烂’、‘芭尔德温’4个品种作为研究对象,在不同季节对其光合指标和叶绿素含量进行研究。结果表明:‘芭尔德温’叶片中叶绿素含量最高,‘梯芙蓝’最低。4个兔眼蓝莓品种的净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率在5—7月较高,11月最低;胞间CO2浓度和水分利用效率在11月最高,5—7月较低。‘芭尔德温’的平均净光合速率最高,‘灿烂’最低;‘灿烂’的平均气孔导度和胞间CO2浓度最大;‘粉蓝’和‘芭尔德温’的平均蒸腾速率低于‘梯芙蓝’和‘灿烂’;‘粉蓝’的平均水分利用效率最高,其次是‘芭尔德温’,‘梯芙蓝’最低。4个品种的净光合速率与蒸腾速率、气孔导度显著正相关,与胞间CO2浓度、水分利用效率显著负相关;光合有效辐射、大气温度与净光合速率、蒸腾速率及气孔导度显著正相关,与胞间CO2浓度、水分利用效率显著负相关。综上,4个品种光合特性差异显著,在不同季节其规律性特征不一致。‘芭尔德温’的净光合速率受季节影响较小,且有较大生长量;‘粉蓝’和‘芭尔德温’具有较好的节水性和耐旱性,并且在同化作用下积累干物质能力比‘梯芙蓝’和‘灿烂’强;兔眼蓝莓在5—7月具有较强的光合性能,光合有效辐射和大气温度是影响兔眼蓝莓光合作用的主要生态因子。

In order to provide some references for cultivar selection in Vaccinium ashei, using four cultivars of ‘Powderblue’,‘Tifblue’,‘Britewell’ and ‘Baldwin’ as study objects, their photosynthetic indexes and chlorophyll contents were researched in different seasons. The results showed that chlorophyll content in ‘Baldwin’ leaves was the highest, and that in ‘Tifblue’ leaves was the lowest. Net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate in four V. ashei cultivars were higher in May to July, and were the lowest in November. Intercellular CO2 concentration and water use efficiency were the highest in November, and were lower in May to July. Average net photosynthetic rate in ‘Baldwin’ leaves was the highest, and that in ‘Britewell’ leaves was the lowest.‘Britewell’ had the highest average stomatal conductance and intercellular CO2 concentration. Average transpiration rates in ‘Powderblue’ and ‘Baldwin’ leaves were lower than those in ‘Tifblue’ and ‘Britewell’ leaves.‘Powderblue’ had the highest average water use efficiency, followed by ‘Baldwin’, and ‘Tifblue’ had the lowest water use efficiency. For the four cultivars, net photosynthetic rate was significantly positively correlated with transpiration rate and stomatal conductance, and significantly negatively correlated with intercellular CO2 concentration and water use efficiency. Photosynthetic active radiation and atmospheric temperature were significantly positively correlated with net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance, and significantly negatively correlated with intercellular CO2 concentration and water use efficiency. In conclusion, photosynthetic characteristics of the four cultivars were significantly differentand had inconsistent regularity in different seasons. Net photosynthetic rate of ‘Baldwin’ was less affected by season, and it had more increment.‘Powderblue’ and ‘Baldwin’ had better water-saving and drought-tolerance abilities, and their abilities of accumulating dry matter in assimilation were stronger than those of ‘Tifblue’ and ‘Britewell’. V. ashei had stronger photosynthetic performance in May to July, and photosynthetic active radiation and atmospheric temperature were main ecological factors affecting photosynthesis in V. ashei.