不同锥栗优系亲本特性及杂交子代生长效应

Parent characteristics of different superior Castanea henryi clones and growth effects of their hybrid offspring

为了研究不同锥栗优系亲本的开花、结实特性及其杂交子代幼苗的生长特性,从而给湖南锥栗资源的开发利用与杂交育种提供科学依据,以湖南4个锥栗优系为试材,对其亲本的花期物候、花序特征、结实特性及其杂交子代幼苗的生长特性进行了试验研究。试验结果表明:1)4个锥栗优系的雌雄花期均可相遇,其可相互用作授粉树。2)4个优系中,结果母枝上雌花数量最大的为'LYXJ-6'(19.33个),'HCHJA-1'的次之(16.40个);4个优系其结果枝上的雄花序与雌花的比值(1.73~3.26)均较小。3)4个优系中,自然状态下,单果质量最大的是'HJSY-1'(10.31g),单果质量最小的是'LYXJ-6'(8.32g);不同授粉组合的坐果率存在一定的差异,其坐果率排名前三的授粉组合分别是'ZFPL-2'×'LYXJ-6'和'HJSY-1'×'HCHJA-1'与'LYXJ-6'×'ZFPL-2';不同父本授粉对母本的刺苞和坚果的性状均有一定的影响,其中授粉组合'LYXJ-6'×'HCHJA-1'和'ZFPL-2'×'LYXJ-6'的单果质量均大于自然授粉条件下的单果质量。4)'ZFPL-2'×'LYXJ-6'和'HJSY-1'×'HCHJA-1'的杂交子代幼苗在苗高与地径上均表现出明显的优势,而'LYXJ-6'×'HJSY-1'和'LYXJ-6'×'ZFPL-2'与'ZFPL-2'×'LYXJ-6'的子代幼苗在光合能力上更具潜力。根据不同授粉组合的杂交苗的坐果率及果实性状得出,'ZFPL-2'×'LYXJ-6'和'LYXJ-6'×'ZFPL-2'子代幼苗的坐果率高、单果质量大;根据杂交子代幼苗的生长特性得出,'ZFPL-2'×'LYXJ-6'子代幼苗的生长状况更具优势。综合分析认为,'ZFPL-2'×'LYXJ-6'不仅为最佳授粉组合,而且其杂交子代幼苗具有明显的生长优势。

In order to study flowering and fruiting characteristics of parents from different superior Castanea henryi clones and growth characteristics of their hybrid seedlings,and to provide some scientific bases forexploitation,utilization and cross breeding of C.henryi resources in Hunan Province,flowering phenology,inflorescence characteristics, fruiting characteristics and growth characteristics of their hybrid seedlings were studied with four superior C.henryi clones in Hunan Province as test materials.The results showed that: 1) Florescence of male and female of four superior C.henryi clones could overlap,and they could be used as pollination trees for each other.2) Among the four superior clones,'LYXJ-6' had the largest number of female flowers (19.33),followed by 'HCHJA-1'(16.40),and ratio of male inflorescence to female flowers in fruiting branches of the four superior clones was smaller (1.73-3.26).3) Among the four superior clones,'HJSY-1' had the highest single nut mass (10.31 g) in natural conditions,and 'LYXJ-6' had the lowest single nut mass (8.32 g).Nut setting rates has some differences among different pollination combinations,and the top three pollination combinations were 'ZFPL-2'×'LYXJ-6','HJSY-1'×'HCHJA-1' and 'LYXJ-6'×'ZFPL-2', respectively.Male parents had some effects on characteristics of spiny bracts and nuts in female parents.Single nut masses of 'LYXJ-6'×'HCHJA-1' and 'ZFPL-2'×'LYXJ-6' pollination combinations were higher than that in natural pollination conditions.4) Seedling height and ground diameter of hybrid seedlings of 'ZFPL-2'×'LYXJ-6' and 'HJSY- 1'×'HCHJA-1'showed obvious advantages,while photosynthetic energy of offspring seedlings of 'LYXJ-6'×'HJSY-1','LYXJ-6'×'ZFPL-2' and 'ZFPL-2'×'LYXJ-6' had more potential.According to nut setting rate and nut characteristics of hybrid seedlings of different pollination combinations,offspring seedlings of 'ZFPL-2'×'LYXJ-6' and 'LYXJ- 6'×'ZFPL-2' had higher nut setting rate and single nut mass.According to growth characteristics of hybrid seedlings, growth status of offspring seedlings of 'ZFPL-2'×'LYXJ-6' had more advantages.The results of comprehensive analysis indicated that 'ZFPL-2'×'LYXJ-6' was not only the best pollination combination,but also their offspring seedlings had obvious growth advantages.