设施避雨栽培对‘中油桃13号’果实品质形成的影响

Effects of protected against rain cultivation on fruit quality development in ‘Zhongyoutao No.13’

南方地区早中熟桃果实成熟期多与雨季相遇,这严重影响了优良桃果品质的形成。为了减轻栽培环境对桃树的不利影响,提升早中熟桃果实品质,促进果农增收,以'中油桃13号'为试验品种,采用设施避雨栽培技术进行了试验,监测了设施避雨棚内小气候环境因子的变化情况和桃树叶片的光合生理特性,并研究了设施避雨栽培对桃果品质、桃树物候期及病害发生的影响情况。结果表明:设施避雨栽培提高了桃果实中可溶性固形物的含量和优果率,降低了褐腐病、疮痂病和裂果病的发病指数;但对桃树物候期和桃果实的单果质量、果形指数和硬度均无显著影响。设施避雨栽培显著增大了设施棚内空气的湿度,提高了桃树细菌性穿孔病的发病率;降低了设施棚内有效光合辐射强度,影响了桃树的光合作用。文中研究认为,虽然在设施避雨栽培下桃叶会调整自身的光合特性,但在实际生产中还应采取如选择季节性覆膜、及时修剪、控制氮肥使用量、铺盖反光膜等措施,以减轻其不利影响,提高果实品质。

Maturity period of early-mid mature peaches always meets rainy season in the south of China,which heavily affects fruit quality development.In order to decrease adverse effect of cultivation environment,to improve fruit quality of early-mid mature peach,and to promote income of fruit farmers,using 'Zhongyoutao No.13' as tested cultivar,protected against rain cultivation techniques were applied in tests,changes of shelter microclimate factors and photosynthetic physiological characteristics in leaves were surveyed,and effects of protected against rain cultivation on fruit quality, phenophase and diseases incidence were researched.The results showed that protected against rain cultivation could increase soluble solids content and excellent fruit rate and decrease disease index of brown rot,scab and cracked fruit. But it had no significant effect on phenophase,single fruit mass,fruit shape index and fruit firmness.Protected against rain cultivation significantly increased air humidity in shelter and incidence of bacterial shot-hole and decreased effective photosynthetic radiation intensity,influencing photosynthesis in peach.Though peach leaves could adjust photosynthesis characteristics under protected against rain cultivation,some measurements need be applied in practical production to decrease its adverse effect and increase fruit quality,such as seasonal covering,timely trimming,controlling nitrogen use, covering reflective film and so on.