民国时期贵州传染病初探

Study on infectious diseases in Guizhou during the Republic of China

民国时期贵州传染病种类多,主要有霍乱、天花、伤寒、斑疹伤寒、痢疾、猩红热、白喉、流行性脑脊髓膜炎、回归热、疟疾、砂眼、急性结膜炎、皮肤病、性病、麻风病等。自然因素和社会因素共同作用导致民国贵州传染病频发。特殊的地理环境、水灾多发等是民国贵州传染病频发的自然因素,医疗水平落后、生活方式不科学、卫生意识淡薄、风俗习惯独特、交通条件变化等社会因素助长了传染病的发生。传染病造成了贵州大量人口染疫及死亡,带来了巨大的经济损失,严重影响了民国时期贵州经济社会的发展。

There are many infectious diseases in Guizhou Province during the Republican period,including cholera,smallpox,typhoid,typhus,dysentery,scarlet fever,diphtheria,epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis,recurrent fever,malaria,trachoma,acute conjunctivitis,skin diseases,venereal diseases,leprosy and so on.Natural and social factors together led to the prevalence of infectious diseases during that period.For example,natural factors mainly include Guizhou province’s special geographical condition and its frequent flood disasters,and social factors such as the unhealthy lifestyle and low medical level have also caused bad effects.In general,infectious diseases during the Republican period have resulted in a large number of mortalities and great financial losses,hindering the development of Guizhou economic society at that time.