构式使用的社会认知动因

Motivating Construction Use: A Sociocognitive Perspective

构式语法已有研究主要关注构式性、构式的表征、习得和演化问题,对构式的使用并未给予足够的重视。以往的构式使用研究大多从语用角度出发,探讨语境因素或焦点选择、百科知识等非语境因素对构式使用的影响,而未深入分析造成特定使用现象背后的动因。本文通过对构式变化和构式偏见两类使用现象的动因的分析,认为构式使用受社会认知因素的驱动。具体而言,社会范畴化引起内群体-外群体偏见,促使特定构式的使用频率甚至构式的形式/意义发生变化;态度通过影响社会范畴化诱发内群体-外群体偏见,尤其是评价性内群体偏见,导致特定社会认知主体对特定构式的选择偏好,造成构式偏见。社会认知与构式语法的结合为构式使用研究提供了新的视角,也为构式语法理论发展提供了新的突破口。

Research in Construction Grammar has always been concerned with constructionhood of language,constructional representation,acquisition and change,but little attention is paid to construction use.Previous investigations on construction use are primarily conducted from a pragmatic perspective,concentrating on how it is constrained by contextual factors and non-contextual factors such as focus selection,encyclopedic knowledge,but few attempts have been made to uncover the underlying motivation that has caused specific phenomena of construction use.Through the analysis of motivations for constructional change and construction bias,this paper argues that construction use is motivated by sociocognitive factors.More specifically,social categorization which gives rise to ingroup-outgroup bias leads to changes in frequency and form/meaning in construction use,while by exerting an influence on social categorization,attitudes also arouse ingroup-outgroup bias,evaluative ingroup bias in particular,and eventually result in construction bias that certain constructions are prioritized by certain sociocognitive subject.The combination of social cognition and Construction Grammar provides new perspective for research on construction use,and new breakthroughs for Construction Grammar in general.