从居民更新意愿到理性集体决策——上海老旧住区公共空间更新的实证研究

From Residents’ Renewal Intention to Rational Collective Decision: An Empirical Study on Public Space Renewal in Old Residential Areas in Shanghai

近年来,上海进行了大量以老旧住区公共空间为主要对象的更新实践。尽管在实践中,政府和规划师通过加强公众参与来提高更新方案生成过程的民主性,但居民细碎化、不理性的意愿表达反而使规划师陷入处理大量意见矛盾的困境中,这反映出在追求民主化的住区更新过程中高效公平的机制设计有所缺失。以上海3个老旧住区的问卷调查为依据,通过将空间更新措施与更新空间类型进行组合,并让居民对更新措施进行重要性排序,得到能够一定程度上代表居民集体意愿的更新措施列表。基于可能出现的集体意愿的理性缺陷,以实现住区集体福利最大化和公正分配为目标,对上述由居民意愿形成集体决策的机制设计提出修正和补充策略。

In recent years, a lot of public space renewal practices in old residential areas in Shanghai have been carried out. Although the government and planners are trying to strengthen the public participation, to guide residents to express their intention to improve the democracy of the renewal planning generation, residents’ disjointed, irrational expression makes planners trapped in the dilemma of dealing with a large number of residents' contradictions of opinions, which reflects the lack of efficient and fair mechanism design in the pursuit of democratic residential renewal. Based on the questionnaire survey of three old residential areas in Shanghai, this article firstly finds that by combining the renewal measures with the public space types and making residents prioritize different measures, a list of renewal measures that can represent the collective wishes of residents is obtained. Based on the possibly rational defect of collective will, and with the goal of maximizing and equitably distributing the collective welfare of the residential area, several strategies are proposed to revise the mechanism design of collective decisionmaking.