寄生虫来源的外泌体研究进展

Research Progress of Parasite-derived Exosomes

外泌体是体内多种细胞分泌的一种囊泡,包含蛋白质、脂质和核酸等物质,发挥信号传导、免疫调控、代谢物清除及凝血等功能。外泌体可能是细胞间信息传递的重要纽带,寄生虫与宿主间存在复杂的信息交流,寄生虫可以通过分泌外泌体将生物活性物质转移到宿主细胞中,调控宿主免疫,介导寄生虫的免疫逃逸。以外泌体作为药物载体,可以阻断寄生虫在宿主细胞内的转移或增强宿主的免疫能力,为寄生虫病的预防和治疗提供新的契机,进而打破目前化学合成药物在畜禽生产中滥用的现状,减少药物残留,提高畜产品质量安全。笔者综述了外泌体的形成、组分以及不同寄生虫来源外泌体的生物学作用,以期为畜禽养殖业中以外泌体作为研究切入点的寄生虫病的诊断和治疗奠定基础。

Exosomes are vesicles secreted by various cells,containing proteins,lipids and nucleic acids,and have effects in signal transduction,immune regulation,metabolite management and coagulation.Exosomes are important media in information transfer between parasites and hosts.Parasites can transfer biological active substances into host cells,regulate immune responses by secreting exosomes.Exosomes can serve as drug carriers to block the transfer of parasites into host cells and enhance the immunity of host,so they provide a new opportunity for the prevention and treatment of parasitic diseases,break the frequent use of chemical synthetic drugs in livestock production,reduce drug residues,improve the quality and safety of animal products.This article reviews the formation,composition and the effects of exosomes derived from different parasites,in order to lay the foundation for the diagnosis and treatment of parasitic diseases.