装有互联双横臂独立悬架的方程式赛车仿真分析

Simulation analysis of formula car with interconnected double wishbone independent suspension

双横臂独立悬架有着出色的侧向支撑和精确的车轮定位,加装第三弹簧可构成悬架互联模式,从而实现悬架垂直线刚度和侧倾角刚度的结构解耦,以调和操纵稳定性与行驶平顺性之间的矛盾,进而达到使第三弹簧与横向稳定杆有效分类管理垂直线刚度与侧倾角刚度的目的。通过ADAMS/CAR模块对方程式赛车进行运动学以及动力学仿真分析,结果表明第三弹簧在同向轮跳时能增加垂直线刚度并且对侧倾角刚度影响甚小;而在加速和制动过程中,可忽略对车身侧倾产生影响,但能有效抑制加速抬头和制动点头。通过第三弹簧与横向稳定杆的联合使用,赛车的悬架得到较大的垂直线刚度与侧倾角刚度的调节区间。经过各类操纵稳定性仿真分析对比,表明第三弹簧能有效提高车辆纵向性能,以及可为底盘调校提供启示和方法。

Double wishbone independent suspension, which boasts excellent lateral support and precise wheel alignment, with the addition of a third spring, constitutes the suspension interconnection mode, which structurally decouples the vertical line stiffness and the roll angle stiffness of the suspension, harmonizes the contradiction between handling stability and ride comfort, and achieves the purpose of separating the third spring from the lateral stabilizer to effectively classify and manage the vertical line stiffness and the roll angle stiffness. Kinematics and dynamics simulation analysis of the formula car handling and stability through the ADAMS/CAR module shows that the third spring increases the vertical line stiffness and has little effect on the roll angle stiffness when jumping in the same direction. It can effectively restrain acceleration head-up and brake nod while having negligible impact on body roll during acceleration and braking. Thus, by using the third spring and the anti-roll bar together, the large adjusting range of vertical stiffness and roll angle stiffness of the formula car can be obtained. Through all kinds of handling and stability simulations, it is concluded that the third spring can effectively improve the vehicle s longitudinal performance and provide some enlightenments and methods for chassis adjustment.