自组装铁蛋白在纳米疫苗领域的应用进展

Application Progress of Self-assembled Ferritin in Nano-vaccine

自组装蛋白在真核细胞及原核细胞中是普遍存在的,其对生命体的正常运转具有重要意义,甚至关系到生命体的进化。常见的自组装蛋白包括病毒颗粒(virus particles)、血清白蛋白(serum albumin)、丝蛋白(silk protein)及铁蛋白(ferritin)。其中,铁蛋白可形成粒径均一、生物相容性良好的纳米材料,还具有独特的理化性质,如pH敏感、高温耐受、大多数变性剂耐受,即可通过调节pH来控制铁蛋白的自组装特性。铁蛋白是存在于大多数生物体内的天然蛋白,在肿瘤的诊断成像及治疗、药物载体和纳米疫苗等领域具有广阔的应用前景。重点探讨了铁蛋白的仿生合成及其在纳米疫苗领域的应用进展,以期为新型动物纳米疫苗的研发提供参考。

Self-assembled proteins are ubiquitous in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, and they are important for living organisms to maintain the normal operation, and even related to the evolution of living organisms. Common self-assembled proteins include virus particles, serum albumin, silk protein and ferritin. Among them, ferritin can form nanomaterials with uniform particle size and good biocompatibility. It also has unique physical and chemical properties, such as pH sensitivity, high temperature tolerance, and resistance to most denaturants, so as to control the self-assembly characteristics of ferritin by pH regulation. Ferritin is a natural protein found in most living organisms, and it has a broad application prospect in tumor diagnostic imaging and therapy, drug carrier and nano-vaccine. The bionic synthesis of ferritin and its application in nano-vaccine were mainly discussed in order to provide references for the research and development of novel animal nano-vaccine.