从酒到茶:唐代社会文化范式的历史转向

From alcoholic drink to Tea: The Historical Changes of the Social Cultural Paradigm in Tang Dynasty

中国是酒的故乡,酒文化的发源地,从周代起酒文化已经走向成熟。进入唐代后,酒在社会文化生活中的绝对主导地位受到挑战,茶作为一种崭新的文化范式开始登上舞台。唐代茶文化生活范式的形成得益于发展基础的已然构建、茶艺定型化和茶道思想的孕育、茶与文学艺术的深度融合以及茶学著作的集中涌现等。在此背景之下,唐代社会文化生活实现了从酒向茶的转型变迁,出现了褒茶贬酒、以茶代酒、茶酒争雄、茶酒互补四种茶酒文化价值观。这背后有着深厚的历史根源和动力机制,而这一转变从侧面揭示了唐代中后期时代精神的历史转向,昭示着新时代的到来。

China is the hometown of wine and the cradle-land of wine culture. The wine culture has matured since the Zhou Dynasty, yet after entering the Tang Dynasty, the absolute dominant position of wine in social and cultural life was challenged, and tea began to enter the stage as a new brand cultural paradigm. The formation of the tea culture life paradigm in the Tang Dynasty benefited from the establishment of tea art norms , the gestation of tea ceremony, the deep integration of tea and literature and art, and the concentrated emergence of many writings on tea studies. Under this background, the wine culture in the social and cultural life of the Tang Dynasty changed to the tea culture, and four kinds of cultural values emerged during the transition: tea is more beneficial than wine;wine is replaced by tea;tea and wine evenly compete;tea and wine mutual complement. There is a deep historical root and dynamic mechanism behind this, and it reveals the historical turn of the spirit of the times in the middle and late periods of Tang Dynasty in a certain point of view, indicating the arrival of a new era.