孔子“仁爱”与墨子“兼爱”的差异探析

Analysis of the Differences Between Confucius’ “Benevolence”and Mozi’s“Universal Love”

孔子与墨子面对混乱的社会局面,为调节人伦与重构社会秩序均提出"爱人"的伦理主张,但"仁爱"与"兼爱"在伦理动机上存在非功利与功利的性质差异;在爱人的顺序上存在差等之爱与平等之爱的不同;在爱人的手段上存在礼与利、义与利的争议;在爱人的标准上还存在情感动机与行为功效的检验差异。透过这些差异,两种爱人思想在现代社会的转型分别适用于公私两个领域,对它们的准确传承才能更好地发挥其现代价值。

Facing the chaotic social situation, Confucius and Mo Zi put forward their ethical ideas of "love" for the regulation of human relations and the reconstruction of social order.However, there are non-utilitarian and utilitarian differences between "benevolence" and "universal love" in the aspect of ethical motivation.Secondly, in the order of loving people,"universal love" was the thought to advocate the equal love and "benevolence" was the thought of love-with-distinction in practice.And there are controversies in etiquette and interest, justice and benefit in the means of love.Moreover, there is a test of difference between emotional motivation and behavioral efficacy in terms of standard of love.Through the analysis of these differences, the transformation of these two kinds of thoughts in the modern society applies to both public and private fields respectively, so that their accurate interpretation and inheritance can better exert their modern value.