社会保障支出缓冲了农村居民贫困吗?——基于收入差距缩小的视角检验

Does Social Security Spending Alleviate the Poverty of Rural Residents? Based on the Perspective of Narrowing the Income Gap

农村居民贫困不仅事关中国精准扶贫、精准脱贫的有效实施,而且对中国全面建成小康社会与实现"中国梦"具有重要影响;但是收入差距的日益恶化会影响农村居民的贫困状况,而社会保障支出作为民生支持的重要组成部分,理应发挥反贫、脱贫的作用。基于此,本文使用中国综合调查数据,采用Logit模型和工具变量法(IV Probit),从收入差距缩小的视角实证检验了社会保障支出对农村居民贫困的影响。研究发现,无论采用区县基尼系数还是分位数支出百分比(P90/P10、P90/P50和P50/P10)衡量收入差距,都证明收入差距的扩大提高了农村居民发生贫困的概率;社会保障支出不仅降低了农村居民发生贫困的概率,而且缓冲了收入差距对农村居民发生贫困的不利影响。因此,我国政府理应在缩小收入差距的同时,提高社会保障支出水平与利用效率,缓解农村居民的贫困状况,从而为解决当前中国"贫困陷阱"提供启示意义。

Poverty of rural residents is not only related to the effective implementation of precise poverty alleviation and precise poverty alleviation in China,but also has an important impact on building a well-off society in an all-round way and realizing the "Chinese Dream".However,the worsening income gap will affect the poverty situation of rural residents,and social security expenditure as an important component of livelihood support.We should play an anti-poverty and anti-poverty role.Based on this,this paper uses China's comprehensive survey data and Logit model and IV Probit to empirically test the impact of social security expenditure on poverty of rural residents from the perspective of narrowing income gap.The study found that whether using Gini coefficient (GINI) or percentages of quantile expenditure ( P 90/P10,P 90/P50 and P 50/P10) to measure income gap,the expansion of income gap increases the probability of poverty among rural residents;social security expenditure not only reduces the probability of poverty among rural residents,but also cushions income.The disparity has a negative impact on the poverty of rural residents.Therefore,while narrowing the income gap,our government should improve the level of social security expenditure and utilization efficiency,alleviate the poverty situation of rural residents,so as to provide enlightenment for solving the current "poverty trap" in China.