秦汉历史变迁视域下宜春苑与上林苑隶属关系考辨

A Study on the Affiliation Between Yichun Garden and Shanglin Garden from the Perspective of Historical Changes in Qin and Han Dynasties

宜春苑和上林苑都始建于秦。历经秦亡汉兴的历史变迁,宜春苑未见有扩建的记载。而上林苑在西汉武帝时期有过大规模扩建。有学者认为扩建后的上林苑已将宜春苑包括在内。然而通过对上林苑的历史演变、"宜春禁丞"印归属考察、水衡都尉和禁圃官署职掌等的研究分析,我们认为扩建后的上林苑只是在范围上和宜春苑相接,可以作为一个整体禁苑来看待。上林苑有独立的管理机构,该机构与管理宜春苑等其他机构的官署隶属于共同的上层管理机关,因此不能从分官设职上说明宜春苑属于上林苑。宜春观与宜春宫苑始建时间不一,用途不同,且非一地,不能以宜春观所在地鄠县乃"上林故地"来逆推宜春苑也在上林苑内。

Yichun garden and Shanglin garden were built before the Qin Dynasty.After the historical changes of the Qin Dynasty's demise and the rise of the Han Dynasty,there was no record of expansion in Yichun garden.But during the period of Emperor Han Wu in the Western Han Dynasty,Shanglin garden had been extensively expanded.Some scholars believe that the Yichun garden has been included in the extension of Shanglin garden.However,through the analysis of relevant literatures,archaeological data and research results,we think that the extended Shanglin garden is only connected with the Yichun garden.They can be regarded as a whole Forbidden Garden and belong to the common management organization,Shanglin garden has an independent administrative body,which is subordinate to the upper management organs of other agencies such as the Yichun garden.Therefore,it is impossible to explain that Yichun garden belongs to Shanglin garden in terms of the division of official posts.Yichun hall and Yichun palace garden started construction at different times,different uses,and not a place.We can not use the Huxian County where Yichun hall is located as the "original place of Shanglin garden",to reverse the inference that Yichun garden is also in Shanglin garden.