城轨车辆摩擦式吸能结构数值仿真研究

Numerical investigations of a new frictional energy absorption structure for urban railway vehicle

为提高城轨车辆的耐撞击性能、保护乘员安全,基于摩擦吸能原理设计一种新型城轨车辆碰撞吸能结构,利用ABAQUS有限元分析软件建立摩擦式吸能结构的仿真模型,对吸能过程进行热力耦合仿真,进一步分析吸能结构相关参数对吸能特性的影响,研究结果表明:该吸能结构在碰撞过程中摩擦力平稳,且具有初始峰值力小于平均摩擦力的特点;满足城轨车辆车端吸能结构设计要求,摩擦因数μ和中间摩擦板厚度t3增大均造成平均摩擦力、初始峰值力线性上升,同时使摩擦热效应增强;碰撞初速度v的增大将造成初始峰值力明显增大而对平均摩擦力影响很小,同时将加剧摩擦片上的热量聚集效应。

To improve the crashworthiness and protect the safety of occupants of urban rail vehicles,in this paper a new energy absorption structure(EAS)base on friction for metro vehicles was proposed.The finite element model(FEM)was established by using ABAQUS for thermo-mechanical coupled analysis.Moreover,the effects of parameters of this new EAS on the energy absorption characteristics were studied.The results show that the friction force of this new EAS is stable and this new EAS can meet the design requirements of urban railway vehicle end energy absorption structure.The initial rigid impact of this EAS decreases rapidly so that the initial peak force is smaller than average friction force.Further results show that the increase of friction coefficientμor thickness t3 will cause the linear increase of initial peak force and mean friction force,meanwhile enhance thermal effects.The increase of initial impact velocity v will increase initial peak force transparently while its effect on mean friction force is slight,and exacerbate heat accumulation of friction plate.