日本终身刑替代死刑制度研究

System of Life Sentence Replacing Death Penalty in Japan

日本终身刑导入指的是以死刑废除为前提,设置不可假释的无期刑作为最高刑代替死刑以推动死刑废除。目前日本死刑与执行10年可假释的终身刑之间存在“鸿沟”致使无期刑呈现终身刑化趋势,一方面为了改进这一刑罚失衡问题,另一方面在死刑废止的背景下,终身刑替代死刑成为最高刑也成为死刑废止的重要课题。《创立重无期刑及设立死刑制度调查会等相关法律案》及《创立重无期刑、判处死刑判决特例等法律案·概要》两部法案确定了终身刑的定义、适用条件及法条修正,虽然最终未正式通过国会支持,但日本终身刑的理论前提探究与司法实际仍为我国提供了一定域外经验。

The introduction of life penalty in Japan refers to the abolition of death penalty as the premise while the imposition of non-parole life penalty as the highest penalty instead of death penalty to promote the abolition of death penalty.At present,there is a"gap"between the death penalty in Japan and the life sentence that can be paroled for ten years,which leads to the trend of life sentence in Japan.On the one hand,in order to improve the imbalance of the penalty,on the other hand,in the context of the abolition of the death penalty,the replacement of life penalty for the death penalty has become an important issue of the abolition of the death penalty.Through Establishment of Heavy Life Penalty and Investigation Committee on Establishment of Death Penalty System and Establishment of Special Cases of Heavy Life Penalty and Death Penalty,the definition,applicable conditions and amendment of articles of law of life penalty have been established,however,it was not formally supported by Congress.The theoretical premise and judicial practice of life imprisonment in Japan still provide some extraterritorial experience for the establishment of life sentence in China.