山东省农村土壤卫生及影响因素调查

Hygienic survey of soils and related factors in rural area of Shandong

目的调查山东省农村土壤卫生现状,分析不同地域农村土壤卫生的特点,提出相应的干预和控制措施。方法于2015年,结合山东省地理位置,按东部、中部、西部进行分层,共选取25个县(市),采用随机方式抽取125个乡镇500个村2 500户,采用统一调查表,开展农村土壤卫生及影响因素调查。结果山东省农村土壤中蛔虫卵的检出率为17.2%;活蛔虫卵的检出率为5.20%,东、中、西部地区分别为4.38%、2.50%、8.33%;活蛔虫卵检出率与其年人均纯收入呈显著线性负相关(P<0.05)。土壤中重金属的合格率为87.40%。有63份土壤样品超过《土壤环境质量标准》(GB 15618—1995)中二级标准,其中,土壤中的铅含量全部达到二级标准,镉含量有55份超出二级标准;铬含量有8份超出二级标准。东部地区土壤重金属含量的内梅罗指数为3.40,呈重污染状态;西部地区土壤重金属含量的内梅罗指数为1.57,呈轻污染状态;中部地区土壤重金属含量的内梅罗指数为0.97,呈尚清洁状态。结论山东省不同地域的农村土壤卫生状况有显著性差异,西部地区土壤中活蛔虫卵检出率明显偏高;应重点治理土壤镉污染。

Objectives To konw the situation of rural soil sanitation in Shandong province and to find out the characteristics of rural soil sanitation in different rural regions,so as to put forward the corresponding measures of intervention and control.Methods According to the requirements of the project design and the national program,and considering the geographic location of Shandong,stratified randomly sampling was conducted in the east,central and west area of Shandong.A total of 25 counties(cities),200 townships,500 villages,and 2 500 households were selected.The data were collected by uniform questionnaire survey,interview,soil sampling and laboratory test.Results The detection rate was 17.20%for ascaris eggs,and5.20%for live ascaris eggs in rural soils,which were 4.38%,2.50 and 8.33%in the east,central and west area of Shandong respectively.There was a significant negative linear correlation between detection rate of ascaris eggs and annual per capita net income(P<0.05).The qualified rate of heavy metals in soil was 87.40%.A total of 63 soil samples exceeded the limit of heavy metals contents in soil for grade two ruled by Environmental Quality Satandard for Soils(GB 15618-1995),among which 55 for cadmium,eight for chromium,and none for lead.The Nemerow indexes of heavy metal content in soil were 3.40(heavy pollution)in the east area,1.57(slight pollution)in west area and 0.97(clean grade)in central area of Shandong respectively.Conclusion There are significant differences in rural soil sanitation in different areas of Shandong province.The detection rate for ascaris eggs in soil of the west area is significantly higher.The soil pollution by cadmium should be controlled.