某仪表板机械手夹具的设计和优化

仪表板总成是汽车很关键的组件,由于其在线装配的重要性,应某汽车公司总装车间的要求,作者设计了一套自动化的仪表板装配机械手夹具设备。通过对以往的工作经验,结合生产线工艺要求及现场实际的情况来分析,本设备采用离地4m高构筑的轨道钢结构,并铺设纵向轨道结构和横向轨道车以及带升降机的随行小车。同时,利用纵横向的驱动电机滚轮机构,使得随行小车可以在X、Y方向自动的任意行走。升降机采用伺服电机驱动丝杆副机构,可上下精确走位。考虑到升降机下面将承载约350kg的重量(仪表板机械手夹具+仪表板总成60kg),因此采用了125缸径的气缸作为提升力,行程控制在500mm以内。而与升降机连接的是C型式悬臂梁方式的机械手夹具。此结构的特点是重心偏移小,不会产生过大扭矩而增加额外的提升力。其稳定性及平衡性很好,操作时易夹取和放置仪表板总成。作者结合以往的工作经验,通过分析和实践,运用科学技术对机械手夹具的一些重要部件进行了受力试验分析及人机工程的优化设计,使机械手夹具得到充分合理的结构配置,既减轻了重量又提高了结构的强度和刚性,实现了该设备的经济性和工作效益。

Instrument panel assembly is a key component in automobile. Due to the importance of on-line assembly, in this paper, a set of automatic instrument panel assembly manipulator fixture equipmentwas designed in response to the requirements of the assembly workshop of a certain automobile company. Through the analysis of the previous work experience, combined with the technological requirements of the production line and the actual situation in the field, the equipment adopts a track steel structure with a height of 4 meters from the ground. The longitudinal rail structure, the transverse rail car and the accompanying trolley with lift are laid. At the same time, the longitudinal and transverse driving motor roller mechanism is used to make the accompanying trolley walk automatically in the X and Y directions. The elevator adopts servo motor to drive the screw pair mechanism, which can walk up and down accurately. Considering that the weight of about 350 kg will be carried under the lift (dashboard manipulator fixture + dashboard assembly 60 kg), the cylinder with 125 diameter is used as lifting force, and the stroke is controlled within 500mm. And connected with the lift is the C-type cantilever beam manipulator fixture. This structure is characterized by a small center of gravity offset and does not produce too much torque to increase additional lifting force. Its stability and balance are very good, and it is easy to clip and place the dashboard assembly during operation. Based on the previous work experience, through analysis and practice, this paper carries out the force test analysis and ergonomics optimization design of some important parts of the manipulator fixture by using science and technology, so that the manipulator fixture can be fully and reasonably configured, which not only reduces the weight, but also improves the strength and rigidity of the structure, thus realizing the economy and working benefit of the equipment.