表面活性剂在溶浸采矿中的研究与应用现状

Research and Application Status on the Surfactants in Solution Mining

溶浸采矿是一种利用矿物与浸矿溶液的化学反应来获得有用金属和化合物的新型采矿方法。为较全面展示表面活性剂在溶浸采矿中的应用现状,推动溶浸采矿技术发展,着重从表面活性剂提高矿石的浸出率、表面活性剂在细菌浸矿中的作用以及表面活性剂在改善矿堆的渗透性等方面介绍了研究与应用情况,指出表面活性剂对于提高矿石的浸出率、改善矿石表面润湿性、增强矿堆的渗透性均具有很好的效果,但确定合理的用量非常重要;不同类型的表面活性剂对于不同种类矿石、不同浸出类型有一定的适应性;添加表面活性剂对于溶浸采矿后续工艺的影响应开展进一步的探讨;在研究确定表面活性剂的使用时应通盘考虑其技术性和经济性。总体来说,表面活性剂在溶浸采矿方面有着广阔的前景。

Solution mining is a new mining method which uses chemical reaction between minerals and leaching solution to obtain useful metal and compounds.In order to show the application status of surfactants in solution mining roundly and promote the development of solution mining technology,such aspects are emphasized as the research and application of surfactants in improving ore leaching rate,the role of surfactants in bacterial leaching and the function of improving the permeability of ore heap.It is pointed out that surfactants have good effects on increasing ore leaching rate,improving surface wettability of ore and enhancing permeability of ore heap,but it is very important to determine a reasonable dosage of surfactants. Different types of surfactants have certain adaptability to different kinds of ores and leaching types.The influence of surfactants on the subsequent process of solution mining should be further explored,and the technical and economic characteristics of surfactants should be taken into account when determining the addition of surfactants.In general,surfactants have vast prospects in solution mining.