摘要
由于谦比希铜矿东南矿区北采区巷道掘进爆破参数不合理、炸药单耗高、断面成形差、岩体块度过于破碎,导致矿山爆破成本居高不下,溜井易堵塞,严重威胁了生产掘进作业安全。为有效解决矿山掘进爆破作业中存在的技术难题,开展了矿岩质量稳定性分级和现场爆破漏斗试验,分别从调整掏槽方案、控制起爆延期时间、优化周边孔控制爆破方法等方面提出了提高爆破效果的爆破控制改进思路,并对现场施工的安全措施进行了讨论。研究表明:①矿化板岩属于第Ⅲ~Ⅳ级岩体,上盘石英岩和下盘石英岩均属于Ⅱ级岩体,基底花岗岩和下盘砾岩均属于Ⅱ级岩体,岩体条件差异较大,需根据现场岩性对爆破参数进行动态调整;②现场爆破漏斗试验确定的合理炸药单耗约1.86 kg/m^3,当前炸药单耗明显偏高,具有较大的优化空间;③斜孔掏槽在炮孔数量、单耗、爆破效果等方面较直孔掏槽具有明显的优越性,适宜开展斜孔掏槽对比试验;③矿山掘进爆破微差延期时间偏大,可采用短微差延期雷管进行优化试验;④周边孔装药结构不合理,适宜采用所提爆破改进思路进行调整,改善巷道轮廓控制效果。今后将通过多方案现场爆破对比试验,验证改进思路的可行性和可靠性,为矿山生产爆破巷道控制提供参考。
Due to the problems of unreasonable blasting parameters,high explosive consumption,poor formation of the section and little blasting fragments existed in the roadway excavation operation of the northearn part of the southeast mining area of Chambishi Copper Mine,which results in high blasting cost,the chute easily blocked,the safety operation of roadway excavation is threatened seriously.In order to solve the above technical problems existed in the operation of roadway excavation of the mine,rock mass quality stability classification is carried out based on geological survey results,the on-site blasting crater test is conducted,the improvement ideals of blasting control for improving the blasting effects is proposed from the aspects of adjusting the groove method,controlling the detonation delay time and improving the peripheral hole control blasting method.The study results show that:①the rock mass grade of mineralized slate in the mining area is Ⅲ~Ⅳ rock mass,while the upper disc quartzite and the lower disc quartzite are both belong to gradeⅡ rock mass,the basement granite and the lower conglomerates are both belong to grade Ⅱ rock mass,the rock mass conditions vary greatly,so the blasting parameters should be dynamically adjusted according to the rock mass conditions on site;②based on the blasting crater test results,reasonable explosive unit consumption is determined as 1.86 kg/m^3 more or less,the current consumption of explosives is obviously high, the optimization space is relatively large;③compared with the vertical hole blasting,the inclined hole slotting blasting has obvious superiority in the number of blasting holes,unit consumption,blasting effect,etc.,it is suitable for conducting inclined hole gutter comparison test;④at present,differential delay time of mine excavation blasting is too long,and the optimization tests with the short differential delay detonator should be conducted;⑤charge structure of the peripheral holes is unreasonable,it is suitable to adjust by the scheme proposed in this paper to improve the blasting control effect of the roadway.The feasibility and reliability of the technical solution will be verified by conducting a multi- program on- site blasting comparison tests,so as to provide guidance for the control of mine roadway blasting quality.
作者
章林
仪海豹
杨海涛
郑学敏
胡文达
Zhang Lin;Yi Haibao;Yang Haitao;Zheng Xuemin;Hu Wenda(Sinosteel Maanshan Institute of Mining Research Co.,Ltd.,Manshan 243000,China;State Key Laboratory of Safety and Health for Metal Mines,Maanshan 243000,China;Africa Mining Public Limited Company,China Nonferrous Metals Co.,Ltd.,Kitwe 22592,Zambia)
出处
《金属矿山》
CAS
北大核心
2019年第5期48-55,共8页
Metal Mine
基金
"十三五"国家重点研发计划项目(编号:2017YFC0602902)
关键词
矿山爆破
巷道掘进
岩体分级
爆破漏斗试验
微差延期时间
Mine blasting
Roadway excavation
Rock mass classification
Blasting crater test
Differential delay time