中西小说叙事伦理研究路径之比较

Comparison of the Research Ways of Narrative Ethics in Chinese and Western Novels

中国的史传传统让古代小说叙事伦理研究从真实作者入手,西方的哲学传统和修辞学传统让西方古典小说叙事伦理研究从文本入手。从真实作者入手,作者在史传传统中形成的伦理观念影响到小说以规范伦理为主,叙事伦理研究重视作者的伦理意图而忽视叙事形式的伦理意义;从文本入手,西方古典小说注意具体伦理情境的描述,德性伦理压倒规范伦理,叙事伦理研究重视叙事形式的伦理意义而忽视真实作者的伦理意图。中西方小说的叙事伦理研究都注意到读者伦理,中国由于从作者入手,读者伦理和作者伦理纠缠在一起,对文本的伦理解读主要是为了理解作者;西方由于从文本入手,读者伦理和文本的伦理表现联系在一起,为了突出文本甚至可以忽视作者的存在。

The tradition of Chinese historical biography makes the study of narrative ethics of ancient novels begin with real authors. Western philosophical tradition and rhetoric tradition make the study of narrative ethics in western classical novels start from texts. Beginning with real authors, the ethical concept formed by the author in the historical tradition affects the novels based on normative ethics. The research of narrative ethics attaches importance to authors' ethical intentions and ignores ethical value of narrative forms. From texts, western classical novels pay attention to the description of specific ethical situations. Moral ethics overwhelm normative ethics. The ways of western narrative ethics emphasize ethical significance of narrative forms rather than ethical intentions of real authors. The study of narrative ethics in Chinese and western novels all pay attention to reader ethics. Since the study of Chinese narrative ethics begins with authors, reader ethics and author ethics are entangled, and the ethical interpretation of texts is mainly to understand the authors' intentions. In contrast, the study of narrative ethics in western novels begins with texts, which links reader ethics and ethical expression of texts, and can even ignore the existence of authors in order to highlight texts.