宋玉“微辞”论——从政治话语到文学话语

A Discussion on Song Yu’s Language Skills——From Political Discourse to Literary Discourse

史称宋玉“口多微辞”,“微辞”即为语言技巧,宋玉“微辞”具有三大特点:一是多为讲故事,二为由讲故事演化出的对问体,三是多为铺垫、铺叙的手法,宋玉“微辞”创建了“赋”这种文学文体。鉴于“直谏”多有召祸的教训,宋玉写作“微辞”的赋,合乎以婉言隐语相规劝的“讽谏”的要求,这是“微辞”在政治上的运用。从“微辞”创建“赋”到以“赋”进行“讽谏”,可见宋玉的“微辞”实现了政治话语向文学话语的转换。在如此的转换中,宋玉赋突出的是情感的力量而不是说理的逻辑,突出的是鉴赏性而不是政治,由此引起作品撰作标准的变化,这些奠定了其在文学史上的地位。

In the history, Song Yu was known as a person good at Euphemism. Euphemism means the language skills. Song Yu's language skills has three major characteristics. Firstly, He was a good storyteller;Secondly, He completed the Iran sition from storytelling to Asking and Answering Odes;Thinlly, He created Fu style by narrating and foreshadowing. Considering that the direct suggestions cause troubles, Song Yu's Fu written in euphemism conforms to the retjuiremenl of satire with euphemistic language, which is the political application of euphemism. From creating Fu by Euphemism to making satire by Fu, Song Yu's language skills realized the transformation from political discourse to literary discourse. In such transfonnation, Song Yu's Fu highlighted the power of emotion rather than the logic of reasoning, and highlighted the appreciation rather than politics, which caused changes in writing standards. These laid the foundation for his position in the history of literature.