论简帛《五行》与先秦儒家美学之“乐感”精神

A Study of Wu Xing and the Pleasant Feeling Spirit of Confucian Aesthetics

以儒学为主干的中国传统文化是一种“乐感文化”,儒家哲学与美学也因此打上了“乐”的烙印。自孔子起,“乐”(lè)就受到了关注与重视.成为儒学追求的目标之一。进入战国以后,尤其是在简帛《五行》那里,对“乐”的追求与崇尚得以丰富与深化。“乐”不仅包容着仁、义、礼、智、圣五种道德(“行”),还成为大全之“德”实现的前提条件,“德”与“乐”是一物之两面。此外,《五行》赋予了“君子”以“乐”的精神品格,成为“君子”就要获得与之相应的“乐”。这让“君子”境界冲破了单纯的道德境界而进入了审美的自由境界,即“乐”境。总之,在孔子哲学与美学思想基础上,简帛《五行》与《孟子》《荀子》等一道彰显出先秦儒家美学的另一副面貌——“乐感”精神。

Traditional Chinese culture with Confucianism as the main part is a kind of happy sense culture, so Confucian aesthetics is branded with Le("乐").Starting from Confucius, Le has been emphasized and becomes a gaol of Confucianism. During the Warring States period, Wu Xing richens and deepens the knowledge about Le, which not only contains five morals, but also the prerequisite of attaining the summurn bonurn. In addition, Wu Xing gives the virtuous man the spiritual character of Le, which makes the realm of the virtuous man enter the aesthetic and free realm, in a word, along with Mencius and Xun Zi, Wu Xing based on the Confucius philosophy and aesthetics, manifests the pleasant feeling spirit of Confucian aesthetics.