三江源区燕麦种植模式和收获期对青贮品质的影响

Effects of Different Harvest Time and Oats Planting Patterns on the Quality of Forage Silage in Sanjiangyuan Area

旨在探讨三江源试验区燕麦种植模式和收获期对青贮品质的影响,为三江源试验区青贮方法的精准化提供理论依据。在拔节期、开花期、乳熟期和蜡熟期分别对‘加燕2号’(Avena sativa L.cv.‘Jiayan No.2’)+‘西牧333A’(Vicia sativa L.cv.‘Ximu333A’)、‘加燕2号’+‘西牧333A’+‘黑饲麦1号’(Secale cereal L.cv.‘Heisicao No.1’)和‘加燕2号’3种种植模式下的饲草青贮,60 d后对8个青贮品质指标测定分析。结果表明:不同收获期对饲草的青贮品质影响显著,随收获期推迟,干物质质量分数增加,粗蛋白(CP)质量分数逐渐下降,酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)及碳水化合物质量分数先增加后降低;开花期pH和氨态氮/总氮比值显著低于其他收获期;与燕麦单播相比,2种混播青贮显著改善饲草发酵品质,其中燕麦+箭筈豌豆+黑麦青贮品质最佳,CP质量分数显著提高,ADF和NDF的质量分数显著降低;燕麦+箭筈豌豆+黑麦在开花期收获青贮品质最优,CP为35.1%DM,pH为4.09,氨态氮/总氮为6.5%TN,ADF为29.9%DM,NDF为46.8%DM;与对照相比,不同收获期3种燕麦种植模式青贮饲草部分营养成分均提高,CP质量分数增加,ADF和NDF质量分数显著降低。

This paper discussed the effects of different harvest time and three kinds of oats planting patterns on the quality of forage silage in Sanjiangyuan area.The aim of this study was to provide theoretical basis for the precision ameliorate of silage method in this area.The harvest was conducted at four different stage,including the elongation stage,florescence stage,milk-ripe stage and ripening stage.And three kinds of oats planting patterns:‘Jiayan No.2’(Avena sativa L.cv.‘Jiayan No.2’)+‘Ximu 333A’(Vicia sativa L.cv.‘Ximu 333A’),‘Jiayan No.2’+‘Ximu 333A’+‘Heisicao No.1’(Secale cereal L.cv.‘Heisicao No.1’)and‘Jiayan No.2’,were cradling silage for 60 days.Eight silage quality indexes were measured for analysis.The results showed that the harvest time had significant effect on forage silage quality.With the delay of the harvest period,dry matter increased,and crude protein(CP)quality score gradually decreased.Acid detergent fiber(ADF),Neutral detergent fiber(NDF)and carbohydrate quality score increased firstly and then decreased along with the different harvest time.Among them,the silage pH and ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen ratio in the flowering stage were significantly lower than those in other harvesting stages.Compared with the oats planting alone,the silage of mixed planting modes significantly improved the quality of forage fermentation,among which oats+common vetch+rye planting mode had the best fermentation quality,with significantly increased CP quality score,and significantly decreased ADF and NDF quality scores.Among different harvesting stages,oats+common vetch+rye had the best silage quality at the flowering stage.At this stage,the CP quality score was as high as 35.1%DM,the pH was 4.09,the ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen ratio was 6.5%TN,the ADF was 29.9%DM and the NDF was 46.8%DM.Compared with the Raw material forage,the silage of three oats planting mode that harvested at different stages had the better preservation of forage nutrients,with the CP quality score increased,ADF and NDF quality score decreased significantly.