环境分权、环境规制与工业污染治理效率

Environmental Decentralization, Environmental Regulation and Industrial Pollution Control Efficiency

本文以2008-2015年中国30个省级行政区(西藏和港澳台除外)的面板数据,利用Tobit模型实证分析环境分权作用下环境规制对工业污染治理效率的影响。研究结果表明:(1)环境行政分权、环境监察分权、环境监测分权等在提高工业污染治理效率方面产生了积极作用;环境规制与工业污染治理效率之间呈现出显著的"U"型关系。(2)随着地方政府环境行政权、环境监察权和环境监测权的扩大,环境污染治理的自主选择权提高,导致环境规制对工业污染治理效率产生了显著的抑制作用。(3)在空间异质性方面,经济较发达地区的环境分权有助于强化环境规制对工业污染治理效率的积极作用,而经济欠发达地区则与之相反;低排放强度地区的环境行政分权、环境监察分权、环境监测分权与环境规制的交叉项对工业污染治理效率的影响并不显著,而在高排放强度地区却呈现出显著的抑制作用。对此,应在提高环境分权程度的同时加大中央对地方的环保督查力度;制定差异化的环境分权策略;处理好不同层级政府间财政分权与环境分权之间的关系。

Based on the panel data of 30 provincial administrative regions(except for Tibet, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan) in China from 2008 to 2015, this paper empirically analyzes the impact of environmental regulation on the efficiency of industrial pollution control under the effect of environmental decentralization. The results show that:(1) Environmental administrative decentralization, environmental monitoring decentralization and environmental monitoring decentralization have played a positive role in improving the efficiency of industrial pollution control;there is a significant "U" relationship between environmental regulation and industrial pollution control efficiency.(2) With the expansion of local government’s environmental administrative power, environmental monitoring power and environmental survey power, the autonomous choice of environmental pollution control has been improved, which leads to the significant inhibition of environmental regulation on the efficiency of industrial pollution control.(3) In terms of spatial heterogeneity, environmental decentralization in economically developed areas helps to strengthen the positive effect of environmental regulation on the efficiency of industrial pollution control, whereas the opposite is true in economically underdeveloped areas;The effect of the intersection of environmental administrative decentralization, environmental monitoring decentralization, environmental survey decentralization and environmental regulation in low emission intensity areas on industrial pollution control efficiency is not significant, but in areas with high emission intensity, it shows a significant inhibitory effect. In this regard, we should enhance the degree of environmental decentralization while strengthening the central supervision of local environmental protection;formulate differentiated strategies for environmental decentralization;and deal well with the relationship between fiscal decentralization and environmental decentralization among different levels of governments.