试析土耳其的反美主义

An Analysis of Anti-Americanism in Turkey

反美主义作为一种思想或行为.在土耳其有其独特的演变轨迹和表现形式。一战后土耳其与美国的外交关系以民间交往为主.到冷战时期双方建立了同盟关系。但由于两者在地缘政治上的分歧.土耳其国内产生了反美主义。在冷战结束后.土耳其反美主义在社会各阶层中爆发,反美主义的内容泛化.并成为政治动员的工具。土耳其反美主义的根源在于美国的全球霸权与土耳其的安全需求之间的矛盾.美国地区战略与土耳其区域外交诉求的矛盾,以及美国文化与土耳其本土文化的冲突。土耳其反美主义就其本质而言是土耳其通过民族主义话语和实践对美国主导的地区秩序的反抗。从其特点看.土耳其反美主义的驱动力是捍卫国家利益,其精神内核是民族主义。当前土耳其反美主义的发展有利于正义与发展党的统治.恶化了美土关系.增添了中东局势的变数。

As an idea or behavior,anti-Americanism has a unique trajectory of development and evolution in Turkey. After the First World War, the relations between Turkey and the United States mainly consisted of non-governmental exchanges, thus there was no anti-Americanism. It was during the Cold War when the two countries became allies that anti-Americanism emerged in Turkey due to geopolitical differences. After the end of the Cold War, anti-Americanism spread to all social strata in Turkey, becoming a tool of political mobilization, and its content became more encompassing. Turkish anti-Americanism, which manifests itself in ideas or behaviors that are negative about US global hegemony and the US-supported regional order, came into being under special international and domestic circumstances. The root cause of anti-Americanism in Turkey lies in the contradiction between US global hegemony and Turkey’s security needs, the contradiction between US regional strategy and Turkey’s regional diplomatic preferences, and the conflict between American and Turkish cultures. Turkish anti-Americanism is in essence Turkey’s resistance against the US-led regional order through nationalist discourses and actions. It is characterized by a desire to defend Turkish national interests, which was nationalist at its core, and by broad mass support in Turkey. The current development of anti-Americanism in Turkey will benefit the rule of the AK Party, worsen US-Turkey relations, and aggravate the turmoil in the Middle East.