甲状腺微小乳头状癌超声特征与颈部淋巴结跳跃性转移的相关性研究

Analysis of the relationship between ultrasonographic features and cervical lymph node skip metastasis of papillary thyroid micro-carcinoma

目的探讨甲状腺微小乳头状癌(PTMC)超声特征与颈部淋巴结跳跃性转移的相关性。方法回顾性分析385例颈部淋巴结转移阳性PTMC的术前原发灶超声特征、颈部淋巴结转移情况。以术后病理诊断为金标准,评价超声诊断PTMC患者颈部淋巴结转移的效能。应用χ2检验和多因素Cox回归模型分析PTMC原发灶的超声特征与颈部淋巴结跳跃性转移的关系。结果 385例PTMC患者中,仅有中央区淋巴结转移231例,仅有侧颈区淋巴结转移31例,中央区+侧颈区淋巴结转移123例。354例颈部淋巴结无跳跃性转移患者中,Ⅱ区转移48例,Ⅲ区转移92例,Ⅳ区转移83例,Ⅴ区转移9例,Ⅵ区转移354例。31例颈部淋巴结跳跃性转移患者中,Ⅱ区转移12例,Ⅲ区转移14例,Ⅳ区转移14例,Ⅴ区转移1例。术前超声诊断PTMC患者颈部中央区淋巴结转移的灵敏度和特异度分别为46.3%和66.7%,诊断侧颈区淋巴结转移的灵敏度和特异度分别为91.0%和87.8%。单因素分析显示,病灶位置、病灶直径、被膜侵及的长度/结节周长与跳跃性转移的发生有关(均P<0.05)。多因素Cox回归分析显示,病灶位置、被膜侵及的长度/结节周长是跳跃性转移发生的独立危险因素(均P<0.05)。结论术前超声诊断PTMC侧颈区淋巴结转移的灵敏度与特异度均高于诊断颈部中央区淋巴结转移。病灶位于甲状腺上极、被膜侵及的长度/结节周长≥1/4的PTMC患者易发生颈部淋巴结跳跃性转移。

Objective To investigate the correlation between cervical lymph node skip metastasis with ultrasonographic characteristics of papillary thyroid micro- carcinoma (PTMC). Methods We reviewed ultrasonographic features of 385 primary PTMC and cervical lymph node metastasis, confirmed by pathology in Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, to evaluate the efficacy of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of cervical lymph node metastasis of PTMC patients. The relationship between ultrasonographic features of primary lesions and skip metastasis of cervical lymph nodes was analyzed by χ2 test and multiple factor Cox regression. Results Among the 385 cases of PTMC patients with cervical lymph node metastasis, 231 cases were central lymph node metastasis alone, 31 cases were lateral cervical lymph node metastasis alone, 123 cases were both central and lateral cervical lymph node metastasis. Among the 354 cases without skip metastasis of cervical lymph nodes, 48 cases were level Ⅱ, 92 cases were level Ⅲ, 83 cases were level Ⅳ, 9 cases were level Ⅴ, 354 cases were level Ⅵ. Among the 31 cases with skipping metastasis of cervical lymph nodes, 12 cases were level Ⅱ, 14 cases were level Ⅲ, 14 cases were level Ⅳ, 1 case was level Ⅴ. The sensitivity and specificity of preoperative ultrasonography in the diagnosis of central cervical lymph node metastasis were 46.3% and 66.7%, respectively, and those of lateral cervical lymph node were 91.0% and 87.8%, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that the abutment/perimeter, diameter and location of PTMC were significantly associated with skip metastasis (P<0.05), multivariate analysis showed that abutment/perimeter and location of PTMC were significantly associated with skip metastasis (P<0.05). Conclusions The sensitivity and specificity of preoperative ultrasound diagnosis for lateral cervical lymph node metastasis of PTMC is higher than that of central metastasis. PTMC with abutment/perimeter ≥1/4 and upper portion location are prone to skip metastasis.