利用昆虫携带的花粉初探西藏入侵植物印加孔雀草在当地传粉网络中的地位

Status of invasive plants on local pollination networks:A case study of Tagetes minuta in Tibet based on pollen grains from pollinators

入侵植物在新生境中成功定殖后,通过利用当地传粉昆虫促进繁殖可以更好地保证种群的扩张,但是入侵植物在当地传粉网络中的角色和地位仍不是很清楚。本文利用西藏近年发现的入侵植物印加孔雀草(Tagetes minuta),分析其访花昆虫所携带的植物花粉种类,构建了植物花粉–传粉者网络,探讨印加孔雀草快速入侵和扩张的可能机制。结果表明印加孔雀草为泛化传粉系统,共有13种昆虫访花,其中12种携带有印加孔雀草花粉,所有花粉中印加孔雀草花粉数量占比为89.89%。12种印加孔雀草传粉昆虫中, 4种泛化传粉昆虫(1种蜂、2种食蚜蝇和1种蝇)是其主要传粉昆虫。本研究揭示印加孔雀草在较短时间内已经成功利用多种当地泛化传粉昆虫为其授粉,已顺利融入当地的传粉网络,今后需要更加重视对印加孔雀草的防控。

Invasive plants that use local pollinators would better ensure their expansion in the new environment, but the role and status of the invasive plants on local pollination network is still unclear. In this paper, we analyzed the pollen grains of Tagetes minuta carried by pollinators and constructed a plant-pollinator network, to explore the roles and impacts of T. minuta in local pollination network. The results showed that pollination system of T. minuta was generalized, and there were 13 insect species visiting its flowers, 12 of which carried pollen grains of T. minuta, and the pollen grains of T. minuta accounted for89.89%. Among the 12 pollinator species of T. minuta, one species of bees, two species of scorpion flies and one species of flies are the main pollinators. This study reveals that T. minuta has successfully used a variety of local pollinators for pollination in a relatively short period of time, indicating that T. minuta has strong adaptability and diffusion ability, and it is necessary to pay more attentions to the prevention and control of T.minuta in the future.