从薄伽丘和布鲁尼笔下的但丁形象差异看意大利人文主义的转型

On the Transition of Italian Humanism Reflected in the Divergences of Dante’s Biographies Written by Boccaccio and Bruni

为同时代非凡人物撰写传记的文学传统,是由文艺复兴时期佛罗伦萨的人文主义者们开创的。其中,薄伽丘和布鲁尼曾先后为但丁立传,但二人笔下的但丁形象截然不同。首先,在文体方面,前者作为文学家和但丁研究专家,与后者作为致力于复兴古典史学的历史学家的写作风格迥异;其次,在取材与视角方面,二人对传主生平大事与成就的描述、刻画也存在巨大差异。本质上,这种差异反映了意大利早期人文主义向市民人文主义的过渡和转型,即从薄伽丘时代的“树立新人榜样,用文化改造人性”,转向布鲁尼时代的“鼓励公民参与,为共和国服务,为公共的善献身”。

The literary tradition of writing biographies for contemporary personages was initiated by Florentine humanists in the Early Renaissance.Giovanni Boccaccio and Leonardo Bruni Aretino both wrote biographies of Dante,but of whom the images were quite distinct from each other.For one thing,the writing style of Boccaccio,the litterateur and Dantist,varies to a large extent from that of Bruni,the historian who was committed to revive the classical historiography.For another,their depiction of the protagonist regarding significant events and achievements in his life also diverged greatly.These differences reflect,as a matter of fact,the fall of the early humanism,of which the task was "setting the example of a new man," and the rise of civic humanism,of which the main objective consisted in "calling for the participation of all citizens,serving the Republic and getting prepared to sacrifice for public welfare."