西方文论关键词 后人文主义

Posthumanism: A Keyword in Critical Theory

“后人类”这个术语于20世纪90年代正式进入人文主义和社会科学的当代批评话语体系;后人文主义理论是继后结构主义、后现代主义、后现代文学伦理学批评之后另一种重要的后学。人文主义是一种集中在人的利益或价值的学说、看法或生活方式,尤其是一种通常拒绝超自然主义,强调个人的尊严、价值和通过理性而实现自我的哲学。而后人文主义作为一种哲学思潮,则以批判传统人文主义为己任,主张“去人类中心化”。哲学后人文主义思想首先解构人文主义的基石“人”的概念,接着又向“人类中心论”和人的优越性发难,彻底终结了人的自大传统。后人文主义提出了和谐共存的自然观,主张合理开发利用高科技,恢复科技造福人类、维持社会可持续性发展的功能,倡导人类要关爱非人类,承认差异,包容并敬重他者,建构多元物种和谐共生的后人类社会。后人文主义理论不仅有助于揭示新兴技术的内在政治,同时也为我们重新看待人与技术、人与动物、人与环境等的关系提供了一个全新的出发点、一种新型的研究方式。

The term "posthumanism" formally entered the system of contemporary critical discourse of humanism and social sciences in the 1990s.The theory of posthumanism is another important post-ism after post-structuralism,postmodernism and postmodern ethical literary criticism.Humanism was a doctrine,view,or mode of life focusing on man's interests or values,above all a philosophy which usually rejects supematuralism.It emphasizes dignity and values of the individual and realizes the self through reason.Posthumanism takes criticizing traditional humanism as its own duty and proposes "decentering human beings." Philosophical thought of posthumanism firstly deconstructs the concept of "man" as the footstone of humanism,then launches an attack on "anthropocentrism" and man's superiority,and thoroughly ends man's arrogant tradition.Posthumanism puts forward the conception of nature for harmonious coexistence,advocates reasonable exploitation and utilization of high technology,recovers the function of science and technology to benefit mankind and keep sustainable development of human society,and constructs a posthuman society in which the multiple species harmoniously coexist.The theory of posthumanism not only contributes to revealing the inherent politics of emerging technology but at the same time also provides for us a brand new starting point and a new-style research approach to look at the relations between human and technology,human and animals,human and environment anew.