产业集聚对环境污染的影响

Industrial Agglomeration and Environmental Pollution

文章利用我国地级及以上城市2007-2016年的数据,检验了产业集聚与环境污染之间的关系,并考察了集聚外部性对环境污染的影响。结果表明:产业集聚及其外部性与环境污染之间均存在一定的倒“U”型关系,但大部分城市产业集聚并未达到拐点水平,不过多数城市至少在专业化或多样化外部性一项上处于曲线的下降阶段。具体而言,仅有少数资源型城市在专业化上处于倒“U”型曲线的下降阶段,而其他多数城市则在多样化上更接近曲线的下降阶段,特别是地区行政和经济中心城市以及环保部重点监测城市。此外,不同污染物面临的拐点并不相同,二氧化硫和废水污染相对于烟粉尘污染拐点水平更高。因此,明确不同城市在专业化和多样化上的各自优势以及污染类型方能实现对环境污染的有效控制。

By using urban panel data from 2007 to 2016, this paper empirically examines the relationship between industrial agglomeration and environmental pollution, and the effects of industrial agglomeration externalities on environmental pollution. The regression results show that the impact of industrial agglomeration, specialization and diversification on pollutant emissions are inverted "U" type relationship across the whole country. However, industrial agglomerations have not reached the inflection point level in most cities, but most cities are at a stage of decline in the inverted "U" curve at least in terms of specialization or diversification. Furthermore, for the cities with different types, a few resource-depleted cities are in the decline stage of the inverted "U”curve in terms of specialization, while most cities are closer to the decline stage of the inverted "U" curve in industrial diversification ,especially in regional administrative and economic centers, and monitored cities by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment. Moreover, the study also found that different pollutants face on the different inflection points, the inflection points of sulfur dioxide and wastewater pollution are higher than the inflection point of smoke powder pollution. Therefore, in order to control environmental pollution, we should clarify the respective advantages of specialization or diversification and pollution characteristics in different cities.