农村留守儿童刻板印象与威胁效应实验研究

Experimental Study on Stereotype and Threat Effect of Left-behind Children in Rural Areas

为了研究农村留守儿童刻板印象威胁效应是否存在,以问卷法、访谈法和文献法获取社会人员关于农村留守儿童的外显刻板印象特征词语,以单类内隐联想测验证明农村留守儿童外显刻板印象与内隐刻板印象的一致性,以字母记忆测试和数学等式判断测试来验证农村留守儿童刻板印象威胁效应的存在。结论如下:(1)社会人员对农村留守儿童存在刻板印象,消极的刻板印象多于积极的刻板印象;在消极的刻板印象中,社会人员偏向关注农村留守儿童学习方面的消极特征。(2)社会人员对农村留守儿童积极刻板印象词语的反应显著快于积极非刻板印象的词语,消极刻板印象词语的反应显著慢于消极非刻板印象的词语,表明社会人员对农村留守儿童外显刻板印象与内隐刻板印象相一致。(3)在字母记忆测试中,实验组反应时慢于控制组,正确率低于控制组,反映出农村留守儿童刻板印象威胁效应存在;在数学等式判断测试中,实验组在反应时和正确率上与控制组差异明显,同样反映出农村留守儿童刻板印象威胁效应存在;同时,在上述两种测试中,农村留守女童在反应时与正确率上均优于农村留守男童,性别在行为表现上的差异明显。

In order to study the existence of the threat effect of stereotype of left-behind children in rural areas,questionnaires,interviews and literature were used to obtain the explicit stereotypical words and expressions of social personnel about the left-behind children in rural areas. Single-class implicit association was used to test the consistency between explicit stereotype and implicit stereotype of left-behind children in rural areas,and letter memory test and mathematical equation judgment test were used to verify the existence of the threat effect of stereotype of left-behind children in rural areas. The conclusions are as follows: firstly,there is a stereotype about the left-behind children in rural areas,and the negative stereotype is more than the positive stereotype;In the negative stereotype,the social personnel tend to pay attention to the negative characteristics of the rural left-behind children’s learning. Secondly,the social personnel’s response to the positive stereotype words of the rural left-behind children is significantly faster than that of the positive non-stereotyped words. The reaction of negative stereotype words is significantly slower than that of negative non-stereotypical words,which indicates that the social personnel’s explicit stereotype towards rural left-behind children is consistent with implicit stereotype. In the alphabetic memory test,the reaction time of the experimental group was slower than that of the control group,and the correct rate was lower than that of the control group,which indicated that there was a threat effect of stereotype in left-behind children in rural areas.In the test of mathematical equation judgment,the difference in reaction time and correct rate between the experimental group and the control group was obvious,which also reflected the existence of the stereotype threat effect of the left-behind children in rural areas. At the same time,the response time and correct rate of the left-behind girls in rural areas were better than those of the left-behind boys in rural areas in the two tests,and there was a significant gender difference in behaviors.