突发性水环境应急监测中快速定性未知有机污染物及案例分析

Case Study: Quickly Identify Unknown Organic Pollutants in Emergent Water Pollution Event

近年来我国水环境突发性污染事故呈逐年上升趋势,但目前还没有形成一套规范和完整的应急监测体系。结合3个具体案例,介绍了一套操作性、针对性强的突发性水环境应急监测工作方法。提出,在检测未知挥发性有机物时,首先采用便携式气相色谱-质谱仪对污染物进行初筛,再用台式气相色谱-质谱联用仪做准确定性;在检测未知半挥发性有机物时,主要采用液液萃取法进行前处理,采用台式气相色谱-质谱联用仪对污染物定性。该方法能够快速、高效地鉴定出样品中未知有机污染物的种类,可为今后类似的突发性水环境污染事故提供参考。

In recent years,sudden pollution accidents of water environment in China show an upward trend year by year,but there is not yet a set of standard and complete emergency monitoring system.Based on three specific cases,a set of operational and targeted emergency monitoring method for water environment emergency monitoring was introduced.When detecting unknown volatile organic compounds,the pollutants were initially screened by portable gas chromatography-mass spectrometer,followed by desktop gas chromatography-mass spectrometer as exact qualitative analysis.For the detection of unknown semi-volatile organic compounds,liquid-liquid extraction method was mainly used for pretreatment,and the pollutants were characterized by desktop gas chromatography-mass spectrometer.The method can identify the unknown organic pollutants in samples quickly and efficiently,and can provide reference for similar emergent water pollution event in the future.