社会生态系统理论视角下侨乡失依儿童帮扶机制的构建——以福清J镇为例

Constructing a Support System for Abandoned Children in Qiaoxiang from the Perspective of Social Ecosystem Theory—— A Case Study of J Town in Fuqing

论文利用社会生态系统理论,以福建福清J镇为例,探讨了侨乡失依儿童群体在侨乡大规模出现的背景;失依儿童的现实需求和受助现状以及侨乡失依儿童帮扶机制的构建。论文所研究的侨乡失依儿童,指的是父母在国外(主要是发展中国家)均遇害或一方遇害另一方因一些原因(如母亲改嫁)无法承担抚养义务的16岁以下的儿童。由于海外移民的人身安全问题日益严峻,失依儿童形成了一个备受社会关注的特殊群体。目前侨乡失依儿童帮扶机制是薄弱环节,主要表现在:微观系统上,家庭对失依儿童的支持存在基础性缺位;中观系统上,学校老师和朋辈群体对失依儿童的帮扶未能突出实效;宏观系统上,社会相关部门对失依儿童群体的救助政策较为单一。因此,建构联动多元的帮扶机制,使微观系统、中观系统和宏观系统三者之间形成体系化的社会救助网络,是侨乡失依儿童救助模式的发展趋势。

Applying social ecosystem theory and using J town in Fuqing as a case study,this paper discusses the emergence of abandoned children in Qiaoxiang,and explores the development of a support system for catering to these children’s needs.In this paper,abandoned children’refers to those under 16 ages whose parents have migrated to developing countries and are unable to raise the children.Three aspects of weakness feature in the current support system for these children.At a micro-level,they lack support from their families;at a meso-level,their teachers and peer groups at school have not played a prominent role in assisting them;at a macro-level,limited official policies towards these children are not implemented effectively.Therefore,there is a need to construct a multilayered support system for the abandoned children in Qiaoxiang.