实现跨国迁移人口社会保障全覆盖

Realizing the Full Coverage of Social Security for Transnational Migrants

规模不断增长的跨国迁移人口面临社会保障不可及性的重大挑战。国际社会通过社会保障双边合作、多边合作和国际合作框架等路径为实现迁移人口社会保障全覆盖进行了逾百年的探索。由于迁移人口自身特点、工作特点和国际合作协议执行困难等因素所造成的现实障碍,迁移人口社会保障覆盖面仍然不高,并且在不同收入水平国家之间存在巨大差距。欧盟通过完善的法制、健全的制度和紧密的合作推动养老金便携性,实现区域内迁移人口享受全面和可转移的社会保障权益。深化我国社会保障国际合作可以采取三步走战略:第一步,拓展社会保障双边合作的内容和范围;第二步,将经济合作区域范围内的社会保障双边合作升级为多边合作;第三步,开展社会保障国际合作条约的制定和框架的构建。

The growing transnational migrants have been facing the huge challenge in having access to social security. Over the past more than 100 years, the international community has been exploring the practice by which the full coverage of social security for the migrants could be realized through implementing bilateral and multilateral agreements and international cooperation framework. Due to the existing obstacles resulting from the characteristics of the migrants themselves and their jobs as well as difficulties in implementing the agreements, the coverage for the migrants is still quite low and the gap between countries with different income levels being huge. The EU has been promoting the portability of pension benefits through sound legislation, improved systems and close cooperation to realize comprehensive and portable social security entitlements enjoyed by the migrants within the region. A three-step strategy could be carried out to strengthen our country’s social security international cooperation: firstly, expand the content and scope of bilateral cooperation;secondly, upgrade bilateral cooperation to multilateral one in the economic cooperation zone;thirdly, enact international treaties and build a cooperative framework.