体育仲裁中强制性仲裁条款效力认定的法律冲突——兼谈对我国体育仲裁立法的启示

The Legal Conflicts in Assessing the Validity of Mandatory Arbitration Clause in Sports:Implication for the Legislation of Sports Arbitration in China

结合国际体育仲裁院(CAS)的仲裁规则和实践,分析体育仲裁中强制性仲裁条款效力认定中的主要冲突。认为:解决体育仲裁中强制性仲裁条款效力的认定冲突,关键在于促使各国法律体系认同体育纠纷解决的特殊性,并通过立法达成共识,将审查体育仲裁裁决本身的公正性取代消除体育仲裁条款的强制性。提出对我国体育仲裁立法的启示:应肯定强制性仲裁条款的有效性,将"当事人在仲裁程序中对仲裁协议的效力提出异议"作为法院受理与体育仲裁条款效力相关的国内体育仲裁争议以及承认、执行外国体育仲裁裁决争议的前提;出于对运动员权利的保护,我国未来的《体育仲裁规则》应明确参赛表中提交仲裁的内容并非认定仲裁合意的必要条件。

The study,with the arbitration rules and practices of CAS,analyzes the legal conflicts in assessing the validity of mandatory arbitration clause in sports.It holds that the key solution lies in promoting the international legal system to identify the special nature of the settlement of sports disputes,and reach a consensus through legislation;at the same time,relevant courts should review the impartiality of sports arbitration awards instead of being overcritical of removing the mandatory feature in sports arbitration clause.The legislation of sports arbitration in China should approve the validity of the mandatory arbitration clause in sports,and stipulate that"the parties object to the validity of the arbitration agreement in the arbitrary proceedings"is a precondition when people’s court accepts the arbitration cases related to assessing the validity of mandatory arbitration clause in sports and the case on recognition and enforcement of foreign sports arbitration awards.The future Sports Arbitration Rules of China should make sure that the arbitration content in entry form is not a necessary condition concerning the existence of arbitration consent to protect the right of athletes properly.