潜艇艇员长航任务中心理与睡眠状况调查及其相关性分析

Investigation and correlation analysis of mental and sleep status of submariners during prolonged deployment at sea

目的研究潜艇艇员长航期间的心理与睡眠特点和变化规律,探讨艇员心理健康状况对睡眠的影响及其相关性。方法对某部210名潜艇官兵按任务时间顺序进行分组,组1为上艇前,组2为艇上前阶段,组3为艇上后阶段,组4为下艇后。对各组官兵进行匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(pittsburgh sleep quality index, PSQI)、简明心境状态量表(profile of mood states,POMS)、疲劳自评量表的测评,并对结果进行分析比较。结果 4组PSQI总分比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。4组POMS总分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但其中组1和组2、3、4抑郁-沮丧、有力-好动差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。组1、组2 PSQI总分与疲劳-惰性具有相关关系(R1=0.409,P1=0.000;R2=0.440,P2=0.017),与有力-好动具有相关关系(R1=0.324,P1=0.004;R2=0.386,P2=0.039)。4组疲劳自评量表总分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。组1、组4 PSQI总分与疲劳自评总分具有相关关系(R1=0.361,P1=0.001;R4=0.330,P4=0.004);组2、组3 PSQI总分与疲劳自评总分无相关关系(P2=0.416,P3=0.190)。组1军官PSQI总分明显高于士兵,且差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),组1军官疲劳自觉量表总分及分项目精神症状、神经症状均明显高于士兵,且差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论潜艇艇员在长航任务中睡眠质量下降,并且延续至下艇后,随着长航任务时间的增加睡眠质量越来越差。潜艇长航可致艇员抑郁发生率增加,在开始长航任务前和任务前阶段疲劳-惰性增加和有力-好动减少明显影响长航艇员的睡眠质量,提示在长航任务前进行心理疏导、改善疲劳-惰性消极情绪可能提高潜艇艇员的睡眠质量。

Objective To study the mental and sleep features and change pattern of submariners during prolonged deployment at sea, and also to explore the impacts of mental health status on sleep and the correlation between mental health status and sleep.Methods Two hundred and ten submariners were divided into 4 groups in accordance with the time sequence before and after sea deployment. The submariners were respectively designated as the pre-deployment group or group 1, the initial stage after deployment group or group 2, the late stage after deployment group or group 3, and the after deployment group or group 4. Evaluations were made by using Pittsburg sleep quality index(PSQI), profile of mood states(POMS) and fatigue self-rating scale, and the obtained results were compared between the groups.Results The total scores of PSQI in the 4 groups were statistically significant, when comparisons were made between them(P<0.05), while total POMS scores in the 4 groups were not statistically significant(P>0.05). However, there were significant differences in depression, anxiety, vigor and hyperactivity, when comparisons were made between group 1 and the other 3 groups, with statistical significance(P<0.05). The total PSQI scores were correlated with the item fatigue inertia, in group 1 and group 2(R1=0.409, P1=0.000; R2=0.440, P2=0.017), and were also correlated with vigor and hyperactivity(R1=0.324, P1=0.004; R2=0.386, P2=0.039). However, there was no statistical significance in the total scores of fatigue self-rating scale, when comparisons were made between the 4 groups(P>0.05). The total PSQI scores and the total scores of fatigue self-rating scale of group 1 and group 4 were directly correlated(R1=0.361, P1=0.001; R4=0.330,P4=0.004), and the total PSQI scores and the total scores of fatigue self-rating scale of group 2 and group 3 were negatively correlated, when comparisons were made between them(P2=0.416, P3=0.190). The total PSQI scores of the officers in Group 1 were significantly higher than those of the soldiers, and statistical significance could be seen when comparisons were made between them(P<0.05). The total fatigue self-rating scores and the scores of mental and neurological symptoms of the officers in group 1 were significantly higher than those of the soldiers, also with statistical significance(P<0.05).Conclusion The sleep quality of the submariners during prolonged deployment at sea decreased till the end of deployment, and the longer the deployment at sea, the worse sleep quality. Prolonged deployment could elevate the incidence of depression in submariners. The increase of fatigue inertia before deployment and at the initial stage of deployment and the decrease of vigor and hyperactivity could considerably influence the sleep quality of the submariners, indicating that mental counseling before deployment and improvement of fatigue-inertia negative mood might enhance the sleep quality of the submariners.