首次远航实习对某军校青年女学员经期及经前期状况的影响

Impact of first prolonged voyage on the menstural and premenstrual cycles of young female cadets of a certain military institute

目的了解首次远航实习对某军校青年女学员经期及经前期状况的影响,为海军长航任务的舰艇女性卫生教育提供基础资料。方法调查对象为训练舰远航实习的某军队女学员29例,均为首航。于出航3 d前和出航2个月后完成经期及经前期状况问卷调查。通过SPSS 18.0软件分析统计结果,采用卡方检验比较经期及经前期综合征症状的发生率,配对样本Wilcoxon符号秩和检验比较经期及经前期状况变化。结果共发放问卷29份,收回29份,有效29份。结果表明,月经紊乱的发生率为79.3%,高于出航前的10.3%;痛经的发生率为69.0%,高于出航前的44.8%,两者比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),20.7%和24.1%的青年女学员首次出现痛经伴呕吐和经量过少,各有4名首次出现排卵期出血和停经,便秘、食欲异常、睡眠不佳等症状的发生率与严重程度较出航前升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),经前期综合征也较出航前严重。舰船任务结束3个月内,91.3%的军校青年女学员月经异常情况恢复正常。2例特殊案例的停经情况经药物干预后恢复正常。结论长航任务对首次上舰青年女学员的月经情况影响显著,应完善舰船航行过程中相关妇科医疗保障,合理规划青年女学员出海执行任务的时间、工作强度以及返航登岸后的休整周期。

Objective To investigate the impact of first prolonged voyage on the menstural and premenstrual cycle status of young female cadets from a certain military institute, so as to provide basic data for the health education of female crew onboard ship.Methods The subjects of the survey were 29 female cadets who participated in the prolonged voyage for the first time onboard the training ship. The questionnaire survey on menstrual and premenstrual cycle status was completed 3 days before deployment and 2 months after deployment. Statistical results were analyzed by SPSS18.0 software. The chi-square test was used to compare the incidence of menstrual and premenstrual syndrome symptoms. The Wilcoxon-signed rank sum test was used to compare changes in menstrual and premenstrual cycle status.Results A total of 29 questionnaire forms were issued, and 29 were retrieved, and all were valid. Survey results showed that the incidence of menstrual disorders was 79.3%, which was significantly higher than 10.3% before deployment(P<0.01). The incidence of dysmenorrhea was 69.0%, which was significantly higher than 44.8% before deployment(P<0.05). 20.7% and 24.1% of the young female cadets first experienced dysmenorrhea accompanied with vomiting and hypomenorrhea. Four cadets had ovulation bleeding and another four had menopause for the first time, and the rates and severity of such symptoms as constipation, abnormal appetite and poor sleep were significantly higher than those before deployment(P<0.01), and premenstrual syndromes were also severer than before deployment(P<0.05). Within 3 months after deployment, 91.3% of menstrual abnormalities returned to normal. The menopause of some extreme cases(2/29) failed to be recovered till drug intervention.Conclusion Prolonged deployment at sea could exert significant effects on menstrual and premenstrual cycle status of young female cadets. For this reason, gynaecological medical support for young females during prolonged voyage should be perfected, and the length, work intensity during deployment and rest cycle after deployment should be properly arranged.