现代日语陈述副词的陈述功能与语义构造

The Declarative Function and the Semantic Structure of Modern Japanese Declarative Adverbs

本文在对日语陈述副词的陈述功能进行界定,认为陈述副词的主客体语义构造对其陈述功能具有诱发作用。进而,以现代日语陈述副词まさか为例,从主客体结合语义论的角度出发,对まさか的主客体语义构造与陈述功能进行考察。本文揭示出陈述副词まさか的主客体结合语义构造,以及包含程度性语义在内的まさか的主客体结合语义构造在与不同类型、不同程度陈述形式呼应时,在对命题的极限预想外的属性界定、表达说话人对命题事态极限预想外性评价、表达说话人对命题事态成立可能性的概率性否定判断等方面呈现出不同类型、不同程度的语义分化,这种语义分化直接衍生出まさか陈述功能多样性的结果。

Based on summarizing the declarative theories and the declarative functions of declarative adverbs in Japanese, this paper puts forward our own views on them, asserting that the subjective and objective semantic structures of the declarative adverbs are inductive to their functions. And then this paper, takingMasaka in modern Japanese as an example, in light of the semantic theory on the combination of the subject and object, explores the subjective semantic structure and declarative function of Masaka. This paper reveals the semantic structure of Masaka, a combination of subject and object, which includes the meaning of degree. When corresponding with declarative forms of different types and degrees, the combination shows different kinds and levels of semantic differentials in defining the attribute out of the limit of the expected proposition, and the comment on it and the low possibility about its truth. The differentials directly yield the diversities of the declarative function of Masaka.