马丁内语言学核心术语的理解与汉译

Comprehension and Chinese Versions of the Core Terminologies Proposed by Martinet in Linguistics

术语汉译的统一是当前语言学研究须要解决的重要问题之一,对语言学研究的发展具有重要的意义。本文对法国功能学派语言学家马丁内提出的一系列语言学重要术语的汉译进行重新审视,对其中部分术语的译法提出修正性建议;在对术语进行充分解析的基础上,建议将moneme译为"语素"、syntheme译为"语素群"或"语素集"、la double articulation译为"双层链接"、la relation syntaxique译为"句法关系"、la fonction syntaxique译为"句法功能"、le role semantique译为"语义角色"、la fonction obligatoire译为"必要功能"、la fonction facultive译为"非必要功能"、la fonction specifique译为"选择功能"、la fonction non specifique译为"非选择功能"、compatibilite译为"相容性"、combinabilite译为"组合性",并给岀相应的理由。最后提出,在马丁内语言学核心术语汉译的过程中,须遵循准确性、系统性和可辨性相结合的原则。

In current linguistic research,the unification of Chinese versions of linguistic terminologies is one of the important issues to be solved,and it is very important for the development of linguistics.This paper reexamines the Chinese versions of a series of important linguistic terminologies proposed by French functional linguist Martinet,and suggests some amendments to some of the versions.Based on the full analysis of the terminologies,the paper recommends to translate "moneme into "yusu","syntheme" into "yusuqun" or "yusuji","la double articulation " into " shuangceng lianjie","la relation syntaxique" into "jufa guanxi","la fonction syntaxique" into "jufa gongneng","le role semantique" into "yuyi juese","la fonction obligatoire" into "biyao gongneng","la fonction facultive" into "feibiyao gongneng","la fonction specifique" into "xuanze gongneng","la fonction non specifique" into "feixuanze gongneng","compatibilite" into "xiangrongxing",and "combinabilite" into "zuhexing",and the paper presents the reasons for the above translations.Finally,the paper proposes that in the process of the French-Chinese translation of the core linguistic terminologies the principle of combining accuracy,systematicity and differentiability together should be followed.