论“三权分置”与集体土地所有权的坚持

On the “Separation of Three Rights” and the Adherence to Collective Land Ownership

坚持农村土地集体所有权,是推进承包地“三权分置”的基石。但是,学界从承包权和经营权的视角切入,根据承包权和经营权定性的不同,所构建的“三权分置”之“所有权+不动产用益物权+权利用益物权”、“所有权+‘自物权’+权利用益物权”、“所有权+成员权+不动产用益物权”、“所有权+成员权+债权”的权利结构与实施路径,往往忽视了对集体土地所有权主体中集体成员的流动性和客体的不可分割性等本质特性的影响。因此,应当回归更大程度地坚持并落实集体土地所有权的研究视角,以“所有权+不动产用益物权+债权”与“所有权+股权+不动产用益物权”的双轨制推进“三权分置”。

Adhering to collective ownership of rural land is the cornerstone of promoting the separation of ownership,contract right and management right.However,from the perspective of contract right and management right,based on the different nature of contract right and management right,scholars propose various rights structures for the“separation of three rights”,such as“ownership+real estate usufruct+usufructuary right”,“ownership+self-property right+usufructuary right”,“ownership+membership right+real estate usufruct”and“ownership+membership right+creditor’s right”.These rights structures and implementation paths always neglect their potential impact on the essential characteristics such as the mobility of the collective members and the indivisibility of the object in the subject of collective land ownership.Therefore,we should return to the research perspective of adhering to and implementing collective land ownership to a greater extent,and promote the“separation of three rights”with the dual-track system of“ownership+real estate usufruct+creditor’s right”and“ownership+equity+real estate usufruct”.