改革开放四十年我国城市住房制度体系:演变逻辑与展望

China's Urban Housing System after 40 Years of Reform and Opening up: Evolutionary Logic and Prospects

改革开放四十年以来我国城市住房制度体系及其演变主要是基于几个层面的内在需要:(1)中国特色社会主义市场经济的发展需要探索公有制下的土地资源配置方式;(2)快速的城镇化进程、城乡融合和人口结构的变化需要快速、有序且有效地将非城市土地转变为城市用地并且用于城市住宅建设;(3)我国财税体系下相关融资方式的特点决定了城市建设中需要将土地作为融资的主要来源;(4)宏观经济调控和不同区域城市的发展需要通过住宅市场这一关联产业众多、区域特征明显的渠道来实现。中国城市房产市场发展取得了巨大成就,在未来的城市住房市场与相应的制度变革中需进一步深化相关财税和社会保障体系改革,优化土地使用机制,提高住房融资的效率等。

China’s urban housing system and its evolution since the reform and opening up 40 years ago have been mainly based on the internal needs at several levels:(1) the development of socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics needs to explore the allocation mode of land resources under public ownership;(2) the rapid urbanization, urban-rural integration and demographic changes require to transform rapidly, orderly and effectively the non-urban land into urban land so as to be used in urban residential construction;(3) the characteristics of relevant financing methods under China’s fiscal and taxation system determine that land should be used as the main source of financing in urban constructions;(4) macroeconomic regulation and control and the development of cities in different regions need to be realized through the residential market, which is a channel with many related industries and obvious regional characteristics. Although the development of China’s urban real estate market has made great achievements, it is necessary to further deepen the reform of relevant fiscal and taxation and social security systems, optimize the land use mechanisms, and improve the efficiency of housing financing in the future urban housing market and corresponding institutional changes.