肿瘤酸性微环境与靶向pH分子影像

Tumor acidic microenvironment and targeted pH molecular imaging

无氧糖酵解和乏氧导致肿瘤酸性微环境。肿瘤酸性微环境对肿瘤的演进、转移和耐药有重要影响。随着磁共振化学交换质子转移、纳米成像、低pH插入肽等研究的不断深入,靶向pH分子影像不仅为肿瘤酸性微环境的机制研究提供了可视化监测手段,同时为肿瘤的早期诊断、良恶性鉴别及治疗效果评价提供了影像学依据。该文对肿瘤酸性微环境的原因、酸性微环境对肿瘤细胞的影响以及靶向酸性微环境的分子影像方法进行介绍。

The tumor acidosis or low extracellular pH (pHe) is a consequence of the anaerobic glycolysis and hypoxia. Tumor acidosis plays a crucial role in tumor progression, metastasis, and resistance to therapy. Recent advances in molecular imaging targeted to tumor acidic microenvironment, including the acido chemical exchange saturation transfer magnetic resonance imaging (AcidoCEST MRI), pH-sensitive nanoparticle and pH-low insertion peptide (pHLIP), offer the opportunity to facilitate the mechanism research in this field and to promote the diagnosis and treatment. This review summarizes the effects of tumor microenvironment on tumor cells and the underlying mechanisms. In addition, this article concentrates more on the application of molecular imaging targeted tumor acidic microenvironment.