金牛道的起源和早期发展

The Origin of Golden Ox Road and its Early Development

在古代蜀道网络中,金牛道长期是主线之一。《蜀王本纪》等文献记载其开通于战国后期秦举巴蜀之际,但根据大量文献和考古资料分析可知,金牛道起源于新石器时代晚期,夏商周时期已经初步形成。战国晚期秦举巴蜀后开展大规模栈道建设,正式建成连接蜀中、汉中以至关中的中国古代西部交通大动脉,金牛道则是其中从汉中至成都的著名交通线。

In the ancient road system of Shudao,Golden Ox Road (Jin Niu Dao) is always identified as a major trade route.According to "Shu Wang Ben Ji",the biographic sketches of the King of Shu,and other historical records,Golden Ox Road was opened in the late Warring States Period when Qin conquered Ba and Shu.However,based on considerable literary and archaeological sources,Golden Ox Road originated from the late Neolithic age,and during the Xia,Shang and Zhou Dynasties the route was initially formed and further developed.Massive construction of the gallery roads,consisting of wooden planks erected on holes cut into the sides of cliffs,was carried out in the late Warring States Period after Qin took over Ba and shu.Shudao officially became the main artery of traffic in Western China and the transportation hub linking the ancient Shuzhong,Hanzhong and Guanzhong.And Golden Ox Road was a famous route connecting Hanzhong and Chengdu.