1928-1959年的CIAM与欧洲和美国的城市设计运动

CIAM and the Urban Design Movement in Europe and the United States,1928-1959

国际现代建筑协会,简称"CIAM",由欧洲现代建筑师联盟于1928年6月创立。CIAM呼吁将现代建筑与一般经济体制联系起来,将建筑教育改革的重点放在面向所有人的住房和城市规划上。CIAM的主张与实践属于20世纪20年代国际艺术、建筑和激进政治运动的一部分,主要体现在勒·柯布西耶在巴黎的实践,以及由瓦尔特格罗皮乌斯于1919年在德国创立的包豪斯上。文章纵览了CIAM从1928年创立到1956年解散的这段历史,并简要回溯了最后一任CIAM主席约瑟夫·路易斯·塞特于20世纪50年代在哈佛GSD开创"城市设计"这一新领域的过程。

CIAM, the Congres Internationaux d’Architecture Modeme, was founded by a coalition of European modem architects in June 1928. CIAM called for linking modem architecture to the general economic system, with a focus on the reform of architectural education and housing and town planning for all. These efforts were part of the international art, architecture,and radical political movements of the 1920 s, much of it centered on the work of Le Corbusier in Paris and at the Bauhaus, founded by Walter Gropius in Germany in1919. This article provides an overview of the history of CIAM from 1928 to its dissolution in 1956. It also briefly traces the creation of the new field of "urban design" by the last President of CIAM, Josep Lluís Sert at the Harvard Graduate School of Design in the 1950 s.