地方化的现代主义 瓦尔特·格罗皮乌斯与中国建筑

Modern Vernacular Walter Gropius and Chinese Architecture

瓦尔特·格罗皮乌斯从未去过上海,但是第二次世界大战后,他接到了上海一所大学的新校区设计委托。格罗皮乌斯在1946年创办了协和建筑师事务所,这个大学即为新公司的第一个项目。事务所的项目主管还有诺曼弗莱彻,格罗皮乌斯曾经的学生贝聿铭也以合伙人的身份参与了设计。整个大学校园布局的概念,反映出鲜明的传统中国园林要素,例如中心的人工湖,相互连接的走廊和开放式的长方形庭院组织。这个项目作为格罗皮乌斯设计生涯中的一个转折点,没有贝聿铭的帮助.是不可能实现的。我们甚至可以说,这两人的联手合作是批判性地域主义的第一步。

Walter Gropius had never made it to Shanghai, but after World War II he was awarded a commission to design a new university campus there.In 1946 Gropius founded The Architects Collaborative(TAC) and this university became one of the first projects for the group, Alongside Gropius, the TAC project’s supervisor was Norman Fletcher, joined by Gropiu’s former student I. M. Pei as an associate. In the layout of the overall concept for the university campus, traditional features of Chinese gardens-such as a pond in the centre, connecting walkways and an open composition of rectangular courtyards-are clearly reflected. This project was a turning point in Gropius’ s approach and it wouldn’t have become possible without Pei. We can even say that the collaboration between the two can be seen as the first step towards critical regionalism.