基于神经化学分析研究炮制对人参和西洋参药性的影响

Influence of Process on Ginseng and American Ginseng Property by Neurochemistry Analysis

基于神经化学分析,采用超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱技术,考察了人参、西洋参及其炮制品红参、西洋红参对大鼠血浆中神经化学物质的影响。结合化学计量学多元统计分析,采用主成分分析(PCA)和偏最小二乘判别分析(PLS-DA)对数据进行处理,利用判别函数对温凉药性进行识别,筛选温凉药性潜在特征标记物;利用识别模型获得各味中药对应标记物特征值分布,评价人参、西洋参及其炮制品药性差异。结果表明,基于此神经化学分析方法,共筛选出14种温性标记物和10种凉性标记物,其中谷氨酸和苯丙氨酸对温性药性影响最大,甘氨酸和5-羟色胺与凉性相关性最大。红参组与人参组中温性药性标记物所对应的特征值均为正值且红参组大于人参组,即红参药性为温,且在药性上温的程度甚于人参。西洋参组与西洋红参组中凉性药性标记物所对应的特征值均为正值,且西洋参组大于西洋红参组,即西洋红参在药性上凉的程度不及西洋参,揭示了炮制对西洋参药性的影响。结果表明,神经化学物质的变化可以反映中药温、凉药性对生物体的影响,神经化学分析可用于评价中药的药性效应,为中药药性差异的物质基础和药效作用机制研究提供方法学借鉴。

On the basis of the neurochemistry analysis, the effects of ginseng, American ginseng, red ginseng and red American ginseng on 24 neurochemicals in rat plasma were investigated by UPLC-QQQ-MS. Combined with chemometrics multivariate statistical analysis, the data were processed by principal component analysis(PCA) and partial least squares discriminant pattern recognition analysis(PLS-DA). By means of the discriminant coefficient and score contribution of recognition model, potential warm and cool properties markers were screened out and the properties difference of ginseng, American ginseng and their processed ones were evaluated. The result showed that 14 kinds of neurochemicals were discovered to be the warm property markers and 10 were cool property markers of ginseng. Among those markers, Glu and Phe presented the most significant effect on warm property, and Gly and 5-HT showed most correlation with cool property. The scores of warm property markers were positive and the corresponding score of red ginseng group was greater than that of ginseng group, demonstrated that the property of red ginseng was warmer than ginseng. For the American ginseng and red American ginseng groups, the scores of cool property markers were positive and cool property of red American ginseng was less than American ginseng. The influence of processing on the property of American ginseng was demonstrated for the first time. The changes of neurochemicals could reflect the influence of warm and cool property on organisms and neurochemistry analysis method could be applied to evaluate the property effect of traditional Chinese medicine. This research provides a methodology reference for the study of the material basis and pharmacological mechanism of the Chinese medicine property difference.