德国医疗服务管办分离改革及其对中国的启示

Reform of Separating Proprietary Rights from Operating Rights in Medical Service Provision in Germany and Its Inspirations to China

德国医疗服务管办分离改革强调市场调节为主、国家干预为辅。通过第三方购买,强化医疗服务提供者之间的竞争;通过赋予患者选择权,强化服务购买者之间的竞争;通过增加营利性医院的服务供给,形成对公立医院的竞争压力;通过公立医院自治,激发公立医院活力;在重塑医疗服务供给体系的基础上,强化政府公共责任和行业自治。德国医疗服务管办分离改革对我国管办分开、处理政府与医院关系、建立现代医院管理制度具有重要启示。

The reform of separating proprietary rights from operating rights in Germany emphasizes market mechanism as the main factor and state intervention as the supplement. Through the third-party purchasing mechanism, competition among medical service providers has been strengthened. By empowering patients with more choice rights, competition among service purchasers has increased. By encouraging the development of private hospitals, public hospitals, faced with more competition pressure, are motivated to improve service quality. Via endowing autonomy, vitality of public hospitals has been stimulated. On the basis of remodeling the medical service provision system, governments’ public responsibility and the medical industry’s self-governance have been enhanced as well. The reform of separating proprietary rights from operating rights in Germany provides important inspirations for China to further promote medical service reform, properly handle the relationship between governments and hospitals and to establish modern hospital management system.