环境行政罚款的替代性履行方式研究

Alternative Performance Method of Environmental Administrative Fines

行政罚款应当兼备惩罚和恢复功能,目前我国的罚款设置以实现惩罚功能为主。补充环境项目政策是以违法者接受超过法律要求的环境有益执行项目为代价,替代部分环境行政罚款的环境行政罚款替代性履行方式。在补充环境项目政策的产生及适用过程中产生了功能主义和规范主义两种立场争论。在功能主义视角下,补充环境项目政策产生超出法律预期的执法效果,实现通过环境行政罚款救济和预防生态(环境)损害的目的,同时也填补环境行政罚款的功能。但在规范主义视角下,补充环境项目政策存在规范性、合法性和技术合理性的质疑。通过规范性调适、政策制度化和技术把控,该制度嵌入环境行政罚款,作为环境行政罚款替代性履行方式具有可能性。

Administrative fines should have both punishment and recovery functions,but at present Chinese administrative fines focus on its penalty function only.The Supplemental Environmental Projects policy is an alternative performance of environmental administrative fines to mitigate some of the environmental administrative fines at the cost of the violators’ acceptance of environmentally beneficial implementation projects which excess the legal requirements.In the process of the emergence and application of Supplementary Environmental Projects policy,there are two opposing positions: functionalism and normativism.From the perspective of functionalism,Supplementary Environmental Projects policy can produce law enforcement effects beyond the legal expectation and achieve the purpose of preventing and relieving ecological(environmental) damage through environmental administrative fines and complete the function of environmental administrative fines.From the perspective of normativism,the policy is confronted with the question of its standardization,legality and technical rationality.Through normative adjustment,policy institutionalization and technical control,it is possible that the system is embedded in environmental administrative fines as an alternative way of performing environmental administrative fines.