农产品信息区块链技术架构设计及应用展望

Framework design and application prospect of agricultural product information blockchain

作为传统农业大国,我国多次强调农业现代化的重要性。但生产分散、技术落后、基础薄弱等问题严重阻碍了我国农业信息化的发展。区块链由于采用了分布式存储与计算方式,与分布式经济系统具有较好的兼容性,在金融、物流、电子商务等多个行业已经得到了广泛的应用前景。本研究采用广义区块链的设计思想,结合我国农业发展中遇到的问题,设计了信息采集层、数据层、网络层、共识层、激励层、合约层与应用层的7层农产品信息区块链技术架构。该架构可以提供灵活的分布式存储机制、完备的信息共识体系、可靠的信息防篡改功能和实用的激励回报措施。针对以上功能在农产品信息溯源和农产品市场信息透明化中的应用进行了说明,提出了建立区块链农产品交易体系的概念,最后对区块链在农业领域的应用进行了总结和展望。

Agriculture of China is a typical agricultural system of small producer and large market, producers are too scattered. Agricultural foundation remains weak in the vast rural areas, especially poverty-stricken areas. All of the above have built up a hedge for the high input of information industry and been a serious impediment to agricultural informationalization. As the underlying technology of electronic tokens, blockchain has become the current research hotspot, and been applied in finance, logistics, electronic commerce, information traceability and so on. Blockchain is a distributed storage and computation system, which is decentralized, so it is highly compatible with the distributed economic system. It will be a comprehensive solution to the agricultural status that is “scattered, small and weak”. The bookChina Blockchain Technology and Application Development Whitepaper 2016gives guidance suggestions for the application of blockchain in different industries including Agriculture. This article is proposed by combining the specific status of Chinese agriculture and the technical characteristics of the block chain. Blockchain will play a very important rule in information gathering, resource integrating, profits sharing and backtracking information. Framework of blockchain for agricultural product with 7 levels of information gathering layer, data layer, network layer, consensus layer, excitation layer, contract layer and application layer was designed based on generalized blockchainaccording toactual situation of agriculture in China. The function of information gathering layer and data layer are used to storage encrypted information that is acquired by IoT node in a distributed way. The Network layer is designed with a semi-distributed topological structure based on the original Peer-to-Peer distributed network structure in the blockchain by adding the supper notes. In the consensus layer, the DPOS is implied install of POW, therefore, there is no need for intensive computing. Due to the use of smart contact in the contract layer, transactions can be completed automatically in the absence of intermediaries. Furthermore, members of the Blockchain Union can also get repay by participating in the consensus with the smart contracts. The application layer is designed to provide the interface for application of government, bank, enterprise, producer and consumers. This framework can provide flexible mechanism of distributed storage, complete information consensus system, reliable information tamper-proof function and practical incentive reward measures. Subsequently, the above functions have been explained in the agricultural products quality safety traceability and application for the agricultural product market information transparency in more detail. However, the application of block chain in the field of agriculture is still in the stage of exploration, the technology is far from mature, and still need to be perfected in the process of application gradually.