有跌倒经历老年人静态及动态平衡能力特征研究

Static and Dynamic Balance Ability among The Elderly with Fallen History

目的通过对比研究有无跌倒史的老年人平衡能力控制差异,为预防老年人跌倒的研究提供理论依据。方法 26名有跌倒经历和25名无跌倒经历的受试者分别进行平衡能力测试。动态平衡能力测试主要为"起立-行走"测试;静态平衡能力测试包括:单腿站立时间测试和压力平板平衡能力测试。结果跌倒组受试者的"起立-行走"测试时间、闭眼单腿站立时间、左右移动最大位移量、压力中心动摇径总长、包络面积均显著大于未跌倒组。结论相比于无跌倒史老人,有跌倒史老年人的动态平衡能力较差,老年人在日常生活中应降低步行速度保持身体重心稳定性;动态平衡能力较差特别是左右方向平衡控制能力较差,提示有跌倒经历的老年人发生侧向摔倒的几率较大。建议老年人应通过规律的运动来提高平衡能力,预防跌倒的发生。

Objective To compare the balance ability between the elderly people with and without fallen history. Methods Selected subjects with(n=26) and without(n=25) fallen history respectively. Two groups of subjects would accept ability of dynamic balance and static balance testing. Dynamic balance test including "timed up and go test"(TIME-TUGT). Static balance ability tests including, single leg stance(TIME-SLO and TIME-SLC) and pressure plate balance testing(DX, DY, LNG, AREA). Results The indexes of TUGT time, TIME-SLC, DX, DY, LNG, AREA of fallen group were significantly larger than those of the non-fallen group. Conclusion Compared with the elderly without fallen history, the elderly with fallen history have poor dynamic balance ability. The elderly should reduce walking speed in daily life to maintain the stability of gravity. The poor dynamic balance ability, especially the balance control ability of left and right directions, indicates that the elderly with fallen experience have a higher probability of side falls. It is suggested that the elderly should improve their balance ability and prevent falls through regular exercise.